The burden of symptoms predicts early retirement: A twin cohort study on fibromyalgia‐associated symptoms

Markkula, Ritva; Kalso, Eija; Huunan-Seppälä, Antti; Koskenvuo, Markku; Koskenvuo, Karoliina; Leino-Arjas, Päivi; Kaprio, Jaakko

doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.01.004

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Cigarette smokers are overrepresented among persons with pain relative to the general population [14–16]. Pain affects the functional capacity of smokers predicting early retirement [17, 18]. The existing mood disorders as depression and anxiety, personality disorders, and substance use disorders together with social environmental factors social support, occupational functioning, access to health care, and education play an important role in the cause, course, and outcomes of both pain and smoking [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Levels and Higher Pain Experience in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Bokarewa

Erlandsson

Bjersing

et al. 2014

Mediators of Inflammation

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Smoking deregulates neuroendocrine responses to pain supporting production of neuropeptide Y (NpY) by direct stimulation of nicotinic receptors or by inhibiting adipokine leptin. Present study addressed the effect of cigarette smoking on adipokines and pain parameters, in 62 women with fibromyalgia (FM) pain syndrome with unknown etiology. Pain was characterized by a visual analogue scale, tender point (TP) counts, pressure pain threshold, and neuroendocrine markers NpY and substance P (sP). Levels of IGF-1, leptin, resistin, visfatin, and adiponectin were measured in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Current smokers (n = 18) had lower levels of leptin compared to ex-smokers (n = 25, P = 0.002), while the expected NpY increase was absent in FM patients. In smokers, this was transcribed in higher VAS-pain (P = 0.04) and TP count (P = 0.03), lower pain threshold (P = 0.01), since NpY levels were directly related to the pain threshold (rho = 0.414) and inversely related to TP counts (rho = −0.375). This study shows that patients with FM have no increase of NpY levels in response to smoking despite the low levels of leptin. Deregulation of the balance between leptin and neuropeptide Y may be one of the essential mechanisms of chronic pain in FM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Levels and Higher Pain Experience in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Bokarewa

Erlandsson

Bjersing

et al. 2014

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…In Nordic countries, approximately two-thirds of the disability diagnoses are linked to common mental disorders and musculoskeletal disorders 8–11. Smoking seems to be an independent risk-factor for disability pension due to low back pain/dorsopathy and fibromyalgia 1 12 13. Smoking is also closely related to psychiatric illness; however, this could reflect reverse causality 14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smokers’ increased risk for disability pension: social confounding or health-mediated effects? Gender-specific analyses of the Hordaland Health Study cohort

Haukenes

Riise

Haug

et al. 2013

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…In one study from the United Kingdom, about one‐third of subjects retired early because of their disease and mean age of retirement was 56 years . Markkula et al reported that cumulative incidence of early disability retirement was around 10% among 8448 individuals with fibromyalgia . Approximately, 45% of German MS patients were early‐retired because of MS, while onset of early‐retirement was at an average age of 38 years .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Employment status of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

Bjelica

Basta

Božović

et al. 2018

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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It has been previously shown that patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) who are unemployed or retired have worse quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess predictors of early retirement in CIDP. One hundred five patients with CIDP were included. Following measures were used: questionnaire on employment status, Medical Research Council Sum Score, INCAT disability score, Beck Depression Inventory, and Krupp's Fatigue Severity Scale. At the moment of testing, 2% of patients were students, 15% were employed, 9% were unemployed due to CIDP, 9% were unemployed but not due to CIDP, 28% were retired early due to disability caused by CIDP, and finally 37% were in old-age pension. Mean age when patients retired due to CIDP was 50 ± 8 years. Mean time from CIDP onset to retirement was 2.7 ± 2.3 years. Older age at onset, lower education, and more severe weakness at the time of diagnosis were significant predictors of early retirement due to CIDP. Retired patients were 12 times more likely to suffer from depression, compared to employed patients (OR = 12.2, 95% CI = 1.41-100, P < 0.01), and eight times more likely to have fatigue (OR = 8.2, 95% CI = 1.89-35.82, P < 0.01). Older patients with lower education and more severe weakness at the time of diagnosis were most likely retired due to CIDP. Early retirement was associated with depression and fatigue. Therefore, maintaining employment should be an important aim in the management of CIDP patients.

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The burden of symptoms predicts early retirement: A twin cohort study on fibromyalgia‐associated symptoms

Abstract: Symptoms associated with FM strongly correlate with early disability retirement. Lifestyle problems associated with high symptom load need prompt management to avoid increased risk of mortality.

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Smoking is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Levels and Higher Pain Experience in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Smoking is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Levels and Higher Pain Experience in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Smokers’ increased risk for disability pension: social confounding or health-mediated effects? Gender-specific analyses of the Hordaland Health Study cohort

Employment status of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

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