The Burden of Statin Therapy based on ACC/AHA and NCEP ATP-III Guidelines: An Iranian Survey of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors

Asgari, Samaneh; Abdi, Hengameh; Hezaveh, Alireza Mahdavi; Moghisi, Alireza; Etemad, Koorosh; Beni, Hassan Riahi; Khalili, Davood

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23364-9

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However in a longitudinal study in the country with a 10-year follow-up of people aged 40-75 years, a high incidence of CVD (21.0% in men and 12.0% in women) was reported (20). Another study found that 46.5% of Iranians were eligible for statin therapy according to the ACC/AHA guideline (21). Our prevalence of high CVD risk (28.3%) is slightly higher than recent research in Malaysia (20.5%) (22), Australia (19.9%) (23) and the United States of America (22.6% in hypertensive patients) (24).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the body mass index paradox

Emamian¹,

Hashemi²,

Fotouhi³

2020

East Mediterr Health J.

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Background: Assessment of the risk of cardiovascular disease is essential for disease prevention in every region. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease and its determinants in an adult population in Shahroud, Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: A total of 4737 people aged 45-69 years were evaluated. The 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease was calculated using the Framingham risk scoring method. Cardiovascular disease risk is reported as per cent risk and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Factors affecting the risk of cardiovascular disease were assessed using multiple beta regression analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 55.9 years; 41% were males. The mean 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease was 16.4% (95% CI: 16.0-16.8%); 28.3% of the participants had a risk of more than 20% (47.8% of the men and 14.9% of the women). Age, diabetes, smoking (only in men), high blood pressure, triglycerides (only in women), waist circumference, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease risk. In men, there was a non-significant increase in risk with higher body mass index up to body mass index 39.9 kg/m 2 ; however, the risk 1 / 11 WHO EMRO | Predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Shahroud, Islamic Republic of Iran and decreased by 4.4% at body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m 2 (P = 0.18). Conclusions: The cardiovascular disease risk was very high, especially in men. Effective interventions should be implemented to reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Longitudinal studies are recommended to investigate the effect of body mass index on the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the body mass index paradox

Emamian¹,

Hashemi²,

Fotouhi³

2020

East Mediterr Health J.

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“… 9 One possible reason behind this achievement is the high use of statins among the Iranian population. 25 While self-reported use of oral anti-diabetes medications was comparable between the two databases (68.7% in STEPS 2016 and 68.4% in 2013–2014 NHANES), Iranian patients with diabetes reported the use of insulin significantly less than their American counterparts (15.7% vs. 28.6%). 9 Anti-diabetes medications, including insulin, are widely available for use in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes, and Achievements in Diabetes Control in Iran; The Results of the STEPS of 2016

et al. 2022

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Background: Using the WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS), first round of Iran’s STEPS completed in 2005. It has been repeated six times afterward. Here we report the results of 2016 round on the population characteristics and prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes, along with an assessment of the country-level performance on diabetes care in Iran. Methods: Using a proportional-to-size cluster random sampling method, the STEPS 2016 included 18947 subjects aged≥25 years who matched the criteria (non-missing information on diabetes self-report, and biomarkers). For the analyses, survey design methods with weighted samples were employed. Different definitions of diabetes (biomarker-based, self-report, anti-diabetes medication use, or a combination) and prediabetes (different cutpoints of the biomarker) were calculated and presented. Results: An estimated 5171035 persons aged≥25 years or 10.6% (95% CI: 10.0%–11.1%) had diabetes according to the serologic diagnosis of diabetes (FPG≥126 mg/dL) or the use of at least one anti-diabetes medication (1896 out of 18947). Employing the serologic diagnosis of diabetes among those who responded no to the self-reported question, 2.7% (2.5%–3.0%) of the population were not aware of their diabetes compared to 11.5% (10.9%-12.0%) who were diabetics according to the just self-reported question. Defining prediabetes as 100≤FPG<126 mg/dL or 5.7≤HbA1c<6.5%, an estimated 15244299 persons had prediabetes (5885 out of 18947). Overall, 52.1% (49.4%–54.7%) of patients with self-reported diabetes were under strict glycemic control (HbA1c<7%). Poor diabetes control (HbA1c>9%) was found in 18.4% (16.3%-20.6%) of the patients with self-reported diabetes. Conclusion: Since 2005, the prevalence of diabetes in Iran has been on a gradual increase in both genders with an increasing gap between females and males.

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“…This decrease could be mainly attributed to statin prescription and dietary modifications, e.g., replacement of saturated with unsaturated fats and reduction in trans-fats. In a recent study on non-communicable disease in Iran, approximately half (46.5%) of 40–70-year Iranians were eligible for moderate- to high-intensity statin therapy based on American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline [ 32 ]. Serum HDL-C levels, however, changed only modestly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and trends of coronary artery disease risk factors and their effect on age of diagnosis in patients with established coronary artery disease: Tehran Heart Center (2005–2015)

Hosseini

Mortazavi

Sadeghian

et al. 2021

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a universal public health challenge, more prominently so in the low- and middle-income countries. In this study, we aimed to determine prevalence and trends of CAD risk factors in patients with documented CAD and to determine their effects on the age of CAD diagnosis. Materials and methods We conducted a registry-based, serial cross-sectional study using the coronary angiography data bank of the Tehran Heart Center. Adult patients who had obstructive (> 50% stenosis) CAD were included in the study. The prevalence and 11-year trends of conventional CAD risk factors were analyzed by sex and age, and their adjusted effects on the age of CAD diagnosis were calculated. Results From January 2005 to December 2015, data for 90,094 patients were included in this analysis. A total of 61,684 (68.5%) were men and 28,410 (31.5%) were women. Men were younger at diagnosis than women, with a mean age of 60.1 in men and 63.2 in women (p < 0.001), and had fewer risk factors at the time of diagnosis. Mean age at diagnosis had an overall increasing trend during the study period. Increasing trend was seen in body-mass index, hypertension prevalence, diabetes mellitus. All lipid profile components (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) decreased over time. Of particular interest, opium consumption was associated with 2.2 year earlier age of CAD diagnosis. Conclusion The major results of this study (lower age of CAD diagnosis in men, lower age of diagnosis associated with most risk factors, and lower prevalence of serum lipids over time) were expected. A prominent finding of this study is confirming opium use was associated with a much younger age of CAD onset, even after adjusting for all other risk factors. In addition to recommendations for control of the traditional risk factors, spreading information about the potential adverse effect of opium use, which has only recently been associated with higher risk of CAD, may be necessary.

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The Burden of Statin Therapy based on ACC/AHA and NCEP ATP-III Guidelines: An Iranian Survey of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the body mass index paradox

Predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the body mass index paradox

Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes, and Achievements in Diabetes Control in Iran; The Results of the STEPS of 2016

Prevalence and trends of coronary artery disease risk factors and their effect on age of diagnosis in patients with established coronary artery disease: Tehran Heart Center (2005–2015)

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