The Burden of Norovirus Disease in Children in the European Union

Kowalzik, Frank; Riera-Montes, Margarita; Verstraeten, Thomas; Zepp, Fred

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000000546

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Enteric viruses such as rotaviruses, NoVs, astroviruses, and adenoviruses are the most significant etiological agents of childhood viral gastroenteritis in both developing and developed countries [ 23 ]. NoV is considered to be the second most common cause of acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization among children below five years of age [ 2 ]. Laboratory-confirmed NoV infections involving 149 strains (14.2%) were isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Norovirus (NoV) is the predominant etiological viral agent of acute gastroenteritis across all age groups, but is most prevalent in young children and the elderly [ 1 ]. NoVs are recognized as the second most important cause of diarrhea in children following rotaviruses, and as an important cause of food-borne disease worldwide [ 2 ]. In most cases, NoVs cause diarrhea and vomiting, which generally last only a few days, but the symptoms can be serious for some people, especially young children and the elderly [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of Norovirus GII.17 Variants among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in South Korea

et al. 2016

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Of 1,050 fecal specimens collected from January 2013 to August 2015 from children with acute gastroenteritis, 149 (14.2%) were found to be positive for norovirus. Norovirus GII was the most predominant genogroup (98.65%; 147 of 149). The genotypes detected in this study were GI (2; 1.3%), GII.Pe-GII.4 (109; 73.1%), GII.P17-GII.17 (16; 10.7%), GII.P12-GII.3 (8; 5.4%), GII.P12-GII.12 (8; 5.4%), GII.P4-GII.4 (5; 3.4%), and the recombinant GII.Pe-GII.17 (1; 0.7%). Of these, the novel GII.17 strain was the second most predominant, and the number of affected children appeared to continuously increase over time (2013 [2; 4.4%], 2014 [4; 9.3%], and 2015 [10; 16.4%]). Phylogenetic analysis of the full genome and ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 nucleotide sequences showed that GII.17 was grouped in cluster III with other strains isolated from 2013 to 2015 and had a different evolutionary history from strains collected in 1978 to 2002 and 2005 to 2009 formed clusters I and II. However, the phylogenetic trees also showed that cluster III was divided into subclusters IIIa (CAU-55 and CAU-85) and IIIb (Kawasaki 2014) (CAU-193, CAU-265, CAU-267, CAU-283, and CAU-289). Comparative analysis of the VP1 capsid protein using 15 complete amino acid sequences from noroviruses isolated from 1978 to 2015 showed 99 amino acid changes. These results could be helpful for epidemiological studies to understand circulating norovirus genotypes in population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Norovirus GII.17 Variants among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in South Korea

et al. 2016

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“…In the USA, NoV contributes to at least 20 million illnesses per year leading to 56,000-71,000 hospitalizations and 570-800 deaths [ 12 ]. In Europe, NoV was reported to be responsible for 5.7 million infections, 800,000 medical visits, 53,000 hospitalizations and 102 deaths among children less than 5 years between 2003 and 2013 [ 13 ]. Moreover, NoV is a major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks accounting for at least 50% of the investigated cases [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Norovirus in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a systematic review

Kreidieh

Charide

Dbaibo

et al. 2017

Virol J

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Norovirus (NoV) is considered the second leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE). To our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews assessing the role of NoV in AGE in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Consequently, we conducted an extensive systematic literature review on articles studying NoV in the 24 countries of the MENA region during the past 15 years (2000-2015). The methods and reporting were set according to the 2015 PRISMA-P and based on the elements from the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). We retrieved 38 studies meeting our predefined inclusion criteria and were used to extract full data. Studies reporting on NoV were conducted in 15 out of the 24 countries of the region. The reported NoV infection rates in MENA countries ranged between 0.82% and 36.84%. The majority of studies were clinical observational studies assessing NoV rates mainly among children. Participants were recruited from in- and outpatient clinics. NoV infection was reported all year round with with peaks observed mainly during cold months. GII.4 was the predominant genotype detected in stool of participants as reported by 16 out of 25 studies (64%). Overall, there is an increasing recognition of NoV as an important causative agent of AGE across all age groups in the MENA region. Further studies are needed to assess the national and the regional burden of NoV among different age groups, its molecular diversity and seasonal variability.

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“…Worldwide, Norwalk virus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis [40][41][42][43][44][45][46], accounting for almost 20% of these cases [47], resulting in 71,000 hospitalizations [48] and approximately 800 deaths per year in the United States [41,49]. The infectious dose of norovirus is extremely low, around 18 viral particles [50], making it highly contagious and readily transmitted in environments with close interpersonal contact [51][52][53].…”

Section: * Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Design of Duplex Specific Nuclease for One-Step Isothermal Viral RNA Detection

2017

J App Biol Biotech

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RNA viruses are a potent human adversary, evidenced by several global pandemics including the Ebolavirus in West Africa, the emerging Zika virus, and outbreaks of new Influenza strains and Norwalk virus in the food supply and cruise ships. Despite the virulence of these pathogens, there remains a significant limitation for detecting these viruses in a fast, accurate and cost effective manner. To meet this need we present a modified form of the duplex specific nuclease enzyme from the Paralithodes camtschaticus crab capable of generating an RNA-based signal amplification in a fraction of the time required for standard RT-qPCR. The applicability of this enzyme is demonstrated in an assay for Norwalk virus detection with a lower limit of ~100 viral copies per liter of environmental water.

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The Burden of Norovirus Disease in Children in the European Union

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Emergence of Norovirus GII.17 Variants among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in South Korea

Emergence of Norovirus GII.17 Variants among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in South Korea

The epidemiology of Norovirus in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a systematic review

Rational Design of Duplex Specific Nuclease for One-Step Isothermal Viral RNA Detection

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