The burden of non-communicable diseases among people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

SummaryIt is unclear how rising obesity among people with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) impacts their risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes). Using a South African national cross-sectional sample of adult PWH and their peers without HIV (PWOH), we examined the associations between HIV and prevalent diabetes across the spectrum of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR). Analyses were sex stratified, and adjusted for age, sociodemographic and behavioral factors. The prevalence of diabetes among males was similar between PWH and PWOH, overall and at all levels of adiposity. In contrast, overall diabetes prevalence was higher among female PWOH than female PWH. However, there were differences according to adiposity such that, compared to female PWOH, relative diabetes prevalence in female PWH was reduced with obesity but accentuated with leanness. These differences in the relationship between adiposity and diabetes by HIV serostatus call for better mechanistic understanding of sex-specific adipose tissue biology in HIV in South Africa, and possibly in other HIV endemic settings in SSA.

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Prevalence of depression among people living with HIV in rural hospitals in South-Western Nigeria-Association with clinico-demographic factors

Adedeji,

Ma,

Raji

et al. 2023

AIDS Res Ther

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Major depression is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder among people living with HIV (PLWH) and is predictive of high morbidity and mortality among them. This study estimated the prevalence and explored factors associated with depression among PLWH in two rural secondary health facilities providing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) services in Southwestern Nigeria between September and December 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to screen and identify PLWH aged 18 years or older with depression. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed with SPSS version 23. A total of 172 respondents were screened. The prevalence of depression was 16.3% (95% CI 11.1%, 22.7%). Mild, moderate, and moderately severe depression was identified in 17 (9.9%), 8(4.7%) and 3(1.7%) of the participants, respectively. One (0.6%) respondent had suicidal ideation. Of PLWH with any depression, 20/28(71.4%) were within the 40–59 years of age range. None of the participants was on antidepressants. The factor most associated with depression was hypertension, with adjusted odd ratios of 9.8(95% CI 3.5–27.3, p < 0.0001). The study highlights the importance of screening for the severity of depression among PLWH in rural hospitals providing ART services in Africa. PLWH with comorbid hypertension were more likely to suffer from some form of depression.

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The burden of non-communicable diseases among people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 178 publications

Perceived Impacts of Urban Gardens and Peer Nutritional Counseling for People Living With HIV in the Dominican Republic

Perceived Impacts of Urban Gardens and Peer Nutritional Counseling for People Living With HIV in the Dominican Republic

Associations of HIV and prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of obesity in South Africa

Prevalence of depression among people living with HIV in rural hospitals in South-Western Nigeria-Association with clinico-demographic factors

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