“…Regardless of HIV status, antenatal and paediatric care, PHC visits are more frequent among women than men (Randera-Rees et al, 2021 ). HIV and hypertension which are highly prevalent in KwaZulu-Natal were the most prevalent conditions reported, although not necessarily in combination (Conan et al, 2022 ; Pillay, Pillay, & Pillay, 2021 ), and HIV was afforded greater attention by the healthcare system as it was a priority condition. Of the three groups we compared (depression undiagnosed, depression diagnosed but not referred for treatment, and depression diagnosed and referred for treatment), both diagnosed groups had higher PHQ-9 scores at baseline, which suggests that nurse clinicians were more likely to detect depression with increased symptom severity.…”