Abstract:Gastrointestinal and liver diseases are significant contributors to the morbidity, mortality, and health-care expenditures of the U.S. population.
“…PPIs are the ideal drugs for an optimal management of all forms and clinical expression of GERD and, as a consequence, prescriptions of these drugs are escalating steadily worldwide; the expenses for PPIs are exceeding 10 billion dollars in the USA, where two PPIs are among the top five selling drugs [30]. Probably in response to this economic trend, in some European countries (e.g.…”
Section: Treating Gerd: Medical and Economical Considerations On A ‘Mmentioning
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are antisecretory agents that are widely used in the short- and long-term management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to relieve symptoms, heal esophagitis, and prevent complications, such as strictures and Barrett’s esophagus. The total healthcare costs of GERD are high, especially for maintenance treatment. Therefore, the choice of cost-effective therapeutic options is an ineluctable challenge for public health authorities, third-party payers, and patients. In some European Union countries, a recent trend of public health authorities is to promote the choice of less expensive PPIs, regardless of their antisecretory potency – this in spite of the evidence that newer PPIs provide superior symptom relief and esophageal erosion healing compared to earlier drugs. Several large clinical trials have demonstrated the superiority of esomeprazole over other PPIs at standard doses for both initial and continuous maintenance therapy in patients with moderate/severe erosive esophagitis. The non-erosive GERD poses a major challenge as this condition appears more frequently to be less responsive to PPIs. The use of PPIs with the strongest antisecretory properties might reveal to be more adequate and cost-effective, particularly for this indication.
“…PPIs are the ideal drugs for an optimal management of all forms and clinical expression of GERD and, as a consequence, prescriptions of these drugs are escalating steadily worldwide; the expenses for PPIs are exceeding 10 billion dollars in the USA, where two PPIs are among the top five selling drugs [30]. Probably in response to this economic trend, in some European countries (e.g.…”
Section: Treating Gerd: Medical and Economical Considerations On A ‘Mmentioning
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are antisecretory agents that are widely used in the short- and long-term management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to relieve symptoms, heal esophagitis, and prevent complications, such as strictures and Barrett’s esophagus. The total healthcare costs of GERD are high, especially for maintenance treatment. Therefore, the choice of cost-effective therapeutic options is an ineluctable challenge for public health authorities, third-party payers, and patients. In some European Union countries, a recent trend of public health authorities is to promote the choice of less expensive PPIs, regardless of their antisecretory potency – this in spite of the evidence that newer PPIs provide superior symptom relief and esophageal erosion healing compared to earlier drugs. Several large clinical trials have demonstrated the superiority of esomeprazole over other PPIs at standard doses for both initial and continuous maintenance therapy in patients with moderate/severe erosive esophagitis. The non-erosive GERD poses a major challenge as this condition appears more frequently to be less responsive to PPIs. The use of PPIs with the strongest antisecretory properties might reveal to be more adequate and cost-effective, particularly for this indication.
“…Other well controlled studies evaluating new therapeutic options, to be used either alone or in association with well-established methods of treatment for GERD, are necessary [34]. The OMT provides the patient with relaxation, normalized autonomic control mechanisms, congestion and symptom relief, and better control over his/her reactions to stress [12].…”
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder that affects a growing number of people in the world and is one of the most common gastric complaints that prompts an individual to consult a doctor. Heartburn and regurgitation are the most predominant esophageal symptoms of GERD, but patients with the disease may also have extra esophageal symptoms, such as epigastric pain, bronchospasm, and chronic cough. All of these symptoms may compromise health-related quality of life with modification of eating habits and sleep pattern that have a great impact on the normal daily. Furthermore, GERD is a multifactorial disease that can be complicated and difficult to treat. Mechanical, chemical, physiopathologic, and functional factors that predispose patients to the disease are still under investigation. A simple treatment plan for manual therapists is presented based on current evidence-based literature; it is designed to reduce symptoms of GERD through somatovisceral approach and the nutrition.
“…In the United States, its prevalence increases with age, and about 70 % of people ≥80 years show diverticulosis [5,[7][8][9]. In the United States, every year these complications account for more than 300,000 hospital admissions, 1.5 million inpatient care days, and 2.4 billion dollars in direct costs [3,10,11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Diverticular disease imposes a significant burden on western National Health Systems [4][5][6]. In the United States, its prevalence increases with age, and about 70 % of people ≥80 years show diverticulosis [5,[7][8][9].…”
Diverticulosis of the colon is frequently found on routine colonoscopy, and the incidence of diverticular disease and its complications appears to be increasing. The role of colonoscopy in managing this disease is still controversial.Colonoscopy plays a key role in managing diverticular bleeding. Several techniques have been effectively used in this field, but band ligation seems to be the best in preventing rebleeding. Colonoscopy is also effective in posing a correct differential diagnosis with other forms of chronic colitis involving colon harbouring diverticula (in particular with Crohn's disease or Segmental Colitis Associated with Diverticulosis). The role of colonoscopy to confirm diagnosis of uncomplicated diverticulitis is still under debate, since the risk of advanced colonic neoplasia in patients admitted for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis is not increased as compared to the average-risk population. On the contrary, colonoscopy is mandatory if patients complain of persistent symptoms or after resolution of an episode of complicated diverticulitis. Finally, a recent endoscopic classification, called Diverticular Inflammation and Complications Assessment (DICA), has been developed and validated. This classification seems to be a promising tool for predicting the outcome of the colon harboring diverticula, but further, prospective studies have to confirm its predictive role on the outcome of the disease.
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