The burden of disease attributable to nutrition in Europe

Pomerleau, Joceline; McKee, Martin; Lobstein, Tim; Knai, Cécile

doi:10.1079/phn2002456

Cited by 83 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Cancer sites associated with the metabolic sequelae of obesity included esophagus (adenocarcinoma), gastric cardia, pancreas, colon, liver, gallbladder, biliary duct and ampulla of Vater, kidney (adenocarcinoma), endometrium and breast (postmenopausal women), thyroid, and multiple myeloma. These associations with obesity have been reported in most studies (20,88,98,99,104).…”

Section: King Henry IV Part Imentioning

confidence: 80%

ADVANCES IN CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY: Understanding Causal Mechanisms and the Evidence for Implementing Interventions

Schottenfeld

Beebe‐Dimmer

2005

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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■ Abstract In a worldwide population of 6 billion, in the year 2000, approximately 10 million cancers were diagnosed, and there were an estimated 6.2 million cancer deaths. Whereas the universality of cancer incidence and mortality is established, the burden of cancer by type or organ site is distributed unequally between developing and industrialized nations. Populations in developing countries are disproportionately affected by cancers in which infectious agents are causal. Our review of advances in cancer epidemiology underscores the complexity of pathogenic mechanisms mediated by chronic inflammation, obesity, and gene-environment interactions as in tobacco and alcohol carcinogenesis. Ultimately, the implementation of effective cancer control interventions that will serve to alleviate the cancer burden must integrate basic and applied research in the behavioral, social, biomedical, and population sciences.

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Section: King Henry IV Part Imentioning

confidence: 80%

ADVANCES IN CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY: Understanding Causal Mechanisms and the Evidence for Implementing Interventions

Schottenfeld

Beebe‐Dimmer

2005

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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“…People with lower educational attainment should be a specific target group for programmes and policies that aim to prevent overweight. In Europe, overweight and obesity are estimated to account 8 % of the overall burden of disease (1) and 5 % of the total health-care expenditures (2) . Numerous studies have shown that BMI differs by sociodemographic variables.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The predictive value of different socio-economic indicators for overweight in nine European countries

Roskam

Kunst

2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Objectives: To assess which socio-economic indicator best predicts overweight in the European Union: educational attainment, occupational class or household income. Setting: The prevalence of overweight is strongly related to socio-economic position. The relative importance of different socio-economic dimensions is uncertain, and might vary between countries. Design and subjects: Cross-sectional self-report data of the European Community Household Panel were obtained from nine countries (n 52 855; age 25-64 years). Uni-and multivariate regression analyses were employed to predict overweight (BMI $ 25 kg/m 2 ) in relationship to socio-economic indicators. Occupational class was measured using the new European Socioeconomic Classification. Results: Large socio-economic differences in overweight were observed in all countries, especially for women. For both sexes, a low educational attainment was the strongest predictor of overweight. After controlling for education, overweight was negatively related to household income in women, but positively in men. Similar patterns were found for occupational class. For women, but not for men, educational inequalities in overweight were generally greater in Southern European countries. A similar pattern of inequalities in overweight was observed for all ages between 25 and 64 years. Conclusions: Across Europe, overweight was more strongly and more consistently related to educational attainment than to occupational class or household income. People with lower educational attainment should be a specific target group for programmes and policies that aim to prevent overweight. In Europe, overweight and obesity are estimated to account 8 % of the overall burden of disease (1) and 5 % of the total health-care expenditures (2) . Numerous studies have shown that BMI differs by sociodemographic variables. A consistent finding is an inverse association of socio-economic position (SEP) with BMI, especially in females (3,4) . The unequal distribution of overweight across socioeconomic groups offers an entry point for prevention activities. Overweight prevention approaches might be more cost-effective if they specifically target groups of lower SEP. However, SEP is a multidimensional construct of which individual components, such as educational attainment, occupational class or income level, represent different dimensions. These different dimensions do point to different mechanisms (e.g. different critical phases in the life course), and in addition they represent in part different groups of people. It is therefore important to know which aspect of SEP is most closely related to overweight.In the present study, we were interested specifically in the magnitude of the independent effects that educational, income and occupational levels have on the prevalence of overweight. While many studies have reported associations between one SEP indicator and overweight, few studies have investigated the relative importance of different SEP indicators.An American study that investigated simultane...

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“…hypertension, stroke) and several types of cancer are becoming increasingly important causes of early mortality or permanent morbidity (1) . The influence and importance of a varied and wholesome diet on health and thus also on the prevention of chronic diseases is now widely accepted (2) . Epidemiological studies have indicated that fruit and vegetable intake has a major influence on cancer risk (3) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit and vegetable intake in Austrian adults: intake frequency, serving sizes, reasons for and barriers to consumption, and potential for increasing consumption

Schätzer

Rust

Elmadfa

2009

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess the intake frequency of fruit and vegetables, serving sizes, reasons for and barriers to consumption, and the potential for increasing fruit and vegetable intake. Design: A nationwide postal questionnaire survey was conducted in 2006 over all four seasons. The participants were stratified according to occupation and sex. The response rate for 5130 questionnaires sent out was 52?7 %. Setting: Austria. Subjects: Austrian adults, aged 19-64 years. Results: Daily fruit consumption was reported by 57?1 % of the participants and daily vegetable consumption by 36?2 %. On average, 2?1 (SD 1?9) servings (250 (SD 225) g) of fruit and 1?7 (SD 1?3) servings (198 (SD 159) g) of vegetables were consumed daily. Women ate fruit and vegetables both more frequently and in greater quantities than men. Both intake frequency and the number of fruit and vegetable servings were largely independent of seasonal fluctuations. The primary reason for the consumption of both fruit and vegetables was taste. The greatest barrier to higher intake was the perception that current individual consumption was already sufficient. Price did not constitute a relevant barrier in Austria. At present, the potential for increasing fruit and vegetable intake can be estimated at two servings. Conclusions: Austrian adults still consume less fruit and vegetables than recommended. Strategies to increase intake should pay more attention to the taste instead of the various health aspects.

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The burden of disease attributable to nutrition in Europe

Cited by 83 publications

References 42 publications

ADVANCES IN CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY: Understanding Causal Mechanisms and the Evidence for Implementing Interventions

ADVANCES IN CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY: Understanding Causal Mechanisms and the Evidence for Implementing Interventions

The predictive value of different socio-economic indicators for overweight in nine European countries

Fruit and vegetable intake in Austrian adults: intake frequency, serving sizes, reasons for and barriers to consumption, and potential for increasing consumption

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