The Burden of Child Maltreatment Leading to Hospitalization in a Provincial Setting in Papua New Guinea

Rero, Allanie; Aipit, Jimmy; Yarong-Kote, Tina; Watch, Villa; Bolnga, John; Vei, Robert; Morris, Marilyn C.; Lufele, Elvin; Laman, Moses

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmw001

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…The emergence of malnutrition as an important cause of death in PNG has been highlighted elsewhere [ 58 ]. This may be related to undiagnosed tuberculosis, which was previously rare in the highlands of PNG, overall poverty, or a reflection of societal challenges including unwanted pregnancies [ 59 , 60 ] and associated neglect of children [ 61 ]. Finally, infants with a birth weight of less than 2000 g were excluded as low birth weight was used as a surrogate marker for prematurity, which may affect immune responses to vaccines including PCVs [ 62 ], as well as that prematurity is hard to assess in this setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale and methods of a randomized controlled trial of immunogenicity, safety and impact on carriage of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines in infants in Papua New Guinea

et al. 2017

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BackgroundChildren in third-world settings including Papua New Guinea (PNG) experience early onset of carriage with a broad range of pneumococcal serotypes, resulting in a high incidence of severe pneumococcal disease and deaths in the first 2 years of life. Vaccination trials in high endemicity settings are needed to provide evidence and guidance on optimal strategies to protect children in these settings against pneumococcal infections.MethodsThis report describes the rationale, objectives, methods, study population, follow-up and specimen collection for a vaccination trial conducted in an endemic and logistically challenging setting in PNG. The trial aimed to determine whether currently available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) are suitable for use under PNG’s accelerated immunization schedule, and that a schedule including pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) in later infancy is safe and immunogenic in this high-risk population.ResultsThis open randomized-controlled trial was conducted between November 2011 and March 2016, enrolling 262 children aged 1 month between November 2011 and April 2014. The participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive 10-valent PCV (10vPCV) or 13-valent PCV (13vPCV) in a 1-2-3-month schedule, with further randomization to receive PPV or no PPV at age 9 months, followed by a 1/5th PPV challenge at age 23 months. A total of 1229 blood samples were collected to measure humoral and cellular immune responses and 1238 nasopharyngeal swabs to assess upper respiratory tract colonization and carriage load. Serious adverse events were monitored throughout the study. Of the 262 children enrolled, 87% received 3 doses of PCV, 79% were randomized to receive PPV or no PPV at age 9 months, and 67% completed the study at 24 months of age with appropriate immunization and challenge.ConclusionLaboratory testing of the many samples collected during this trial will determine the impact of the different vaccine schedules and formulations on nasopharyngeal carriage, antibody production and function, and immune memory. The final data will inform policy on pneumococcal vaccine schedules in countries with children at high risk of pneumococcal disease by providing direct comparison of an accelerated schedule of 10vPCV and 13vPCV and the potential advantages of PPV following PCV immunization.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov CTN NCT01619462, retrospectively registered on May 28, 2012

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale and methods of a randomized controlled trial of immunogenicity, safety and impact on carriage of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines in infants in Papua New Guinea

et al. 2017

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The burden of presumed tuberculosis in hospitalized children in a resource-limited setting in Papua New Guinea: a prospective observational study

Watch¹,

Aipit²,

Kote-Yarong³

et al. 2017

International Health

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Radiografía de la violencia regional. Énfasis en niños, niñas y adolescentes: indicadores de diversos tópicos de violencia en el departamento de Antioquia 2015

Gómez¹,

Montoya²,

Muñoz³

et al. 2017

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Montoya Gómez, BrígidaRadiografía de la violencia regional. Énfasis en niños, niñas y adolescentes: indicadores de diversos tópicos de violencia en el departamento de Antioquia 2015 / Brígida Montoya Gómez… [et al.] Nota legalLas opiniones expresadas por el autor no constituyen ni comprometen la posición oficial o institucional de la Corporación Universitaria Remington. Todos los derechos reservados. Ninguna porción de este libro podrá ser reproducida, almacenada en algún sistema de recuperación o transmitida en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio -mecánicos, fotocopias, grabación y otro-, excepto por citas breves en revistas impresas, sin la autorización previa y por escrito del

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The Burden of Child Maltreatment Leading to Hospitalization in a Provincial Setting in Papua New Guinea

Abstract: Improved awareness, establishment of appropriate channels for addressing child maltreatment and enforcement of child protection laws in PNG and other epidemiologically similar settings are urgently needed.

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Rationale and methods of a randomized controlled trial of immunogenicity, safety and impact on carriage of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines in infants in Papua New Guinea

Rationale and methods of a randomized controlled trial of immunogenicity, safety and impact on carriage of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines in infants in Papua New Guinea

The burden of presumed tuberculosis in hospitalized children in a resource-limited setting in Papua New Guinea: a prospective observational study

Radiografía de la violencia regional. Énfasis en niños, niñas y adolescentes: indicadores de diversos tópicos de violencia en el departamento de Antioquia 2015

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