The Built Environment as a Determinant of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies and Natural Experiments

Kärmeniemi, Mikko; Lankila, Tiina; Ikäheimo, Tiina M.; Koivumaa‐Honkanen, Heli; Korpelainen, Raija

doi:10.1093/abm/kax043

Cited by 257 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…. In adults, consistent associations between land-use mix, population density, street connectivity, and physical activity have been found Kärmeniemi et al, 2018;Sallis et al, 2016). However, most studies that have contributed to this evidence have relied on self-report measures that do not take into account the location in which physical activity is undertaken (Ferdinand, Sen, Rahurkar, Engler, & Menachemi, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Accelerometer/GPS Data to Validate a Neighborhood-Adapted Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

Frehlich

Friedenreich

Nettel-Aguirre

et al. 2018

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour

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Despite continued interest in neighborhood correlates of physical activity, few self-report questionnaires exist that capture neighborhood-based physical activity. Furthermore, there is little evidence about the measurement validity of self-report measures of neighborhood-based physical activity. Notably, self-reported neighborhood physical activity has not been validated against combined accelerometer and global positioning system (GPS)-assessed physical activity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the concurrent validity of a recently adapted tool for capturing self-reported neighborhood-based physical activity (i.e., the Neighborhood International Physical Activity Questionnaire; N-IPAQ). Adults (n = 75) from four Calgary (Alberta, Canada) neighborhoods wore an accelerometer and GPS monitor for 7 consecutive days after which they self-reported their physical activity from the past week using the N-IPAQ. Bland-Altman plots and Spearman correlations estimated the concurrent validity between N-IPAQ and accelerometer/GPS physical activity (estimated for the administrative boundary, 400-m and 800-m radial buffers). The mean (95% Confidence Interval [CI]) difference between the N-IPAQ and accelerometer/GPS estimated total daily minutes of physical activity differed for the 400-m (1.9 min, −26.2 to 29.9), 800-m (10.6 min, −16.0 to 37.1), and administrative boundary buffers (14.7 min, −11.5 to 41.0). The strongest Spearman correlations were found between the N-IPAQ and 800-m radial buffer accelerometer-captured vigorous-intensity physical activity (r = .41 [95% CI: .18 to .60]), and the N-IPAQ and administrative boundary accelerometer-captured vigorous-intensity physical activity (r = .43 [95% CI: .20 to .62]). Our findings suggest that the N-IPAQ provides good estimates of neighborhood-based physical activity and could be used when investigating neighborhood correlates of physical activity.

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confidence: 99%

Using Accelerometer/GPS Data to Validate a Neighborhood-Adapted Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

Frehlich

Friedenreich

Nettel-Aguirre

et al. 2018

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour

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“…The first key finding of this study relates to primary walking trip generating locations. While to date, most research and interventions concerning PA (especially in young adults) have focused on the residential neighbourhood [25,47,48], the results presented here identify the educational nodewhich in other samples may be represented by the workplaceas an equally important node for generating walking trips. This is likely related to the large proportion of hours routinely spent at one's place of education or work.…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Transport-related walking among young adults: when and why?

et al. 2020

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Background: The existing smartphones' technology allows for the objective measurement of a person's movements at a fine-grained level of geographic and temporal detail, and in doing so, it mitigates the issues associated with self-report biases and lack of spatial details. This study proposes and evaluates the advantages of using a smartphone app for collecting accurate, fine-grained, and objective data on people's transport-related walking.Methods: A sample of 142 participants (mostly young adults) was recruited in a large Australian university, for whom the app recorded all their travel activities over two weekdays during August-September 2014. We identified eight main activity nodes which operate as transport-related walking generators. We explored the participants' transport-related walking patterns around and between these activity nodes through the use of di-graphs to better understand patterns of incidental physical activity and opportunities for intervention to increase incidental walking. Results: We found that the educational nodein other samples may be represented by the workplaceis as important as the residential node for generating walking trips. We also found that the likelihood of transportrelated walking trips is larger during the daytime, whereas at night time walking trips tend to be longer. We also showed that patterns of transport-related walking relate to the presence of 'chaining' trips in the afternoon period. Conclusions:The findings of this study show how the proposed data collection and analytic approach can inform urban design to enhance walkability at locations that are likely to generate walking trips. This study's insights can help to shape public education and awareness campaigns that aim to encourage walking trips throughout the day by suggesting locations and times of the day when engaging in these forms of exercise is easiest and least intrusive.

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“…For measurement of the urban built-up environment, most research has been based on the 5D aspects of Density, Diversity, Design, Destination, and Distance [8,9]. Karmeniemi et al conducted 21 cohort studies and 30 natural experiments, and found that objective measurements, public transport accessibility and land-use mixing could promote physical activity [10]. At the same time, subjective aesthetic perception and sense of security also had an impact on physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjective perception of the built environment was mainly based on respondents' perception of the environment considering their responses to questionnaires and scales, mostly involving accessibility, aesthetic perception, security, satisfaction and convenience. Subjective aesthetic perception and safety perception had an influence on physical activity [10]. Humpel et al found that destination accessibility and aesthetic attributes had a significant impact on physical activity, while climate and sense of security had a relatively weak impact [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Impact of the Objective Characteristics and Subjective Perception of the Built Environment on Residents’ Physical Activities in Fuzhou, China

et al. 2019

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Many researchers have confirmed a correlation between the built environment and physical activity. However, most studies are based on the objective characteristics of the built environment, and seldom involve the residents’ subjective perception. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the subjective and objective characteristics of the built environment and physical activity at the community scale. Data consists of that collected from a social survey, Points of Interest (POI), the road network, and land use in Fuzhou, China. The duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) within a week is used to represent the general physical activity of residents. Security perception is introduced as an intermediary variable. SPSS software is used for factor analysis and Amos software for statistical analysis. Structural equations are set up to analyse the relationship between these variables. The final results show that: (1) The objective characteristics of the built environment have no direct impact on the development of leisure MVPA, but it can indirectly affect leisure MVPA through residents’ subjective perception of the built environment; (2) The subjective perception of residents has a significant impact on the duration of MVPA, the subjective perception of humanized space has a direct impact on the duration of MVPA, and destination accessibility and urban environment maintenance has an indirect impact through community public security perception; and (3) The individuals’ attributes such as gender and self-evaluated socioeconomic status have negative effects on the duration of leisure MVPA, and an individual’s love of sports has a positive effect on MVPA.

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The Built Environment as a Determinant of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies and Natural Experiments

Cited by 257 publications

References 68 publications

Using Accelerometer/GPS Data to Validate a Neighborhood-Adapted Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

Using Accelerometer/GPS Data to Validate a Neighborhood-Adapted Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)

Transport-related walking among young adults: when and why?

Study on the Impact of the Objective Characteristics and Subjective Perception of the Built Environment on Residents’ Physical Activities in Fuzhou, China

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