The Buffering Effects of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship Between Experiences of Racism and Anxiety in a Black American Sample

Graham, Jessica; Calloway, Amber; Roemer, Lizabeth

doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9682-8

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In addition, learning coping skills like emotion regulation and mindfulness in therapy may aid in reducing the impact of discrimination on mood. Indeed, research with African Americans has suggested that higher levels of mindfulness and emotion regulation skills are a useful buffer against the effects of racism (Graham, Calloway, & Roemer, ; Graham, West, & Roemer, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with discrimination: The insidious effects of gender minority stigma on depression and anxiety in transgender individuals

et al. 2019

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Objectives We examined types of discrimination encountered by transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals and the associations with symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as the mediating and moderating effects of coping responses. Method This online study included 695 TGD individuals ages 16 years and over (M = 25.52; standard deviation = 9.68). Results Most participants (76.1%) reported discrimination over the past year. Greater exposure to discrimination was associated with more symptoms of depression and anxiety. These associations were mediated by coping via detachment and via internalization, although a direct effect remained. Conclusions Many TGD people will encounter discrimination and this is associated with greater psychological distress. Engagement in the internalization of blame or detachment partially explains the association between discrimination and mental health issues. These findings elucidate possible avenues for interventions to bolster adaptive coping responses for TGD people and highlight that actions to decrease discrimination are urgently needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping with discrimination: The insidious effects of gender minority stigma on depression and anxiety in transgender individuals

et al. 2019

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“…Regularly elevated anxiety levels are reported for black girls residing in urban areas across the United States [9-12]. Research indicates that, if left unaddressed, anxiety difficulties in adolescence are associated with a higher risk for anxiety disorders as adults [13,14]. Black women with higher levels of anxiety also report poor emotional regulation [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research indicates that, if left unaddressed, anxiety difficulties in adolescence are associated with a higher risk for anxiety disorders as adults [13,14]. Black women with higher levels of anxiety also report poor emotional regulation [13]. Given the elevated anxiety levels among urban black girls [9-12], the intensity and chronicity of anxiety symptoms [8], and the implications for adulthood [13,14], early intervention with this population is appropriate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black women with higher levels of anxiety also report poor emotional regulation [13]. Given the elevated anxiety levels among urban black girls [9-12], the intensity and chronicity of anxiety symptoms [8], and the implications for adulthood [13,14], early intervention with this population is appropriate. Yet the literature is clear as it relates to anxiety and other mental health issues: black girls are underresearched and underserved [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Musical Cognitive Restructuring App for Black Inner-City Girls: Survey, Usage, and Focus Group Evaluation

Neal‐Barnett¹,

Stadulis²,

Ellzey³

et al. 2019

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Research on mobile health (mHealth) app use during adolescence is growing; however, little attention has been paid to black adolescents, particularly black girls, who are generally underresearched and underserved in psychological intervention research. Cognitive restructuring is an important tool in anxiety and fear management and involves two parts: (1) recognizing and deconstructing erroneous thoughts and (2) replacing negative anxiety and stress-provoking thoughts with positive thoughts. In our work with black adolescent females, we found that cognitive restructuring is a difficult skill to practice on one’s own. Thus, drawing upon the importance of music in the black community, we developed the Build Your Own Theme Song (BYOTS) app to deliver a musical form of the technique to middle-school black girls. Objective Our aim in this mixed methods study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the BYOTS app. We hypothesize that participants will expect the app to be effective in reducing negative thoughts and that the app will meet their expectations and data generated from the app will demonstrate a reduction in negative thinking and anxiety. Methods A total of 72 black or biracial seventh- and eighth-grade adolescent females were enrolled in Sisters United Now (SUN), an eight-session culturally infused and app-augmented stress and anxiety sister circle intervention. Before using the BYOTS app, girls completed the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children 2 and the App Expectations Survey. Usage data collected from the app included an assessment of negative thinking before and after listening to their song. After completion of the intervention, focus groups were held to gather qualitative data on participants’ app experience. Results Results using paired sample t tests indicated negative thinking was significantly lower at day 7 than day 1 ( t 31 =1.69, P =.05). Anxiety from preuse to postuse of the app was also reduced ( t 38 =2.82, P =.004). Four effectiveness themes emerged from the focus groups: difference in behavior and temperament, promoted calmness, helpfulness in stressful home situations, and focused thinking via the SUN theme song. Conclusions The BYOTS app is a useful tool for delivering musical cognitive restructuring to reduce negative thinking and anxiety in an underserved urban population. Changes were supported both quantitatively and qualitatively. Participants, their peers, and their family noted the difference. Findings support expanding the research to black girls of various socioeconomic statuses and geographic diversity. Currently, the app augments SUN, a culturally relevant intervention. Future research will explore BYOTS as a stand-alone app.

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“…Taken with the aforementioned, preliminary research has also hinted at the need to develop strong emotion regulation skills to cope with discrimination. Graham, Calloway, and Roemer (2015) found that emotion regulation difficulties moderated the association between anxious arousal and both past week and past year frequency of racial discrimination. Therefore, discussion and application of emotion regulation models become necessary.…”

Section: Emotion Regulation and Coping With Racial Microaggressionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Emotion regulation and the experience of racial microaggressions.

Sawyer¹

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daily lessons on grace and giving. May I continue to be a vehicle of transformation for suffering beings. To my father, who taught me about resilience, I thank you for showing me what Grit really means in the face of oppression. May I continue to use my pain as seeds for love, strength, tirelessness, and awakening. A deep bow of gratitude to all my teachers. If it wasn't for their collective wisdom and love, I wouldn't be where I am today. Along with my parents, these teachers include

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The Buffering Effects of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship Between Experiences of Racism and Anxiety in a Black American Sample

Cited by 41 publications

References 54 publications

Coping with discrimination: The insidious effects of gender minority stigma on depression and anxiety in transgender individuals

Coping with discrimination: The insidious effects of gender minority stigma on depression and anxiety in transgender individuals

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Musical Cognitive Restructuring App for Black Inner-City Girls: Survey, Usage, and Focus Group Evaluation

Emotion regulation and the experience of racial microaggressions.

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