“…During the early 1970s, proprietary fibreoptic bronchoscopes 10,11 , as well as purpose-made, flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopes [12][13][14] , began to be used widely for endotracheal intubation in both awake and anaesthetised patients. Reporting a series of 100 patients, including 34 with severe anatomical abnormalities, Catherine Stiles and colleagues from the University of Southern California…”