The brokerage role of small states and territories in global corporate networks

Martinus, Kirsten; Sigler, Thomas; Iacopini, Iacopo; Derudder, Ben

doi:10.1111/grow.12336

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Apart from these, which primarily comprise large metropolises and megacities, we can also find a set of small‐but‐global cities or city‐states which valorise their smallness through the exploitation of economic niches through a form of urban brokerage (Martinus et al . 2019), by attracting flows of various kinds and excellent global connectivity. Following Olds and Yeung (2004, p. 492), the specific ability of these places and their actors to extract ‘streams of profit from extraterritorial terrain’ is essential for the successful practice of relationality.…”

Section: What Do We Mean By Relational Urbanisation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relational Cities Disrupted: Reflections on the Particular Geographies of COVID‐19 For Small But Global Urbanisation in Dublin, Ireland, and Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

Heße

Rafferty

2020

Tijd voor Econ & Soc Geog

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This paper looks at the particular geographies associated with the COVID‐19 outbreak through the lens of cities that are products of relational urbanisation. This includes small but highly globalised cities, such as financial centres or hot spots of politics and diplomacy, which are usually situated between different political, economic or cultural systems and their boundaries. These cities experienced strong growth due to internationalisation and a dedicated politics of extraversion. Our argument is that such places are unusually affected by the current lock‐down, illustrated by two empirical cases, the cities of Dublin, Ireland, and Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. Both have experienced striking growth rates recently, but now suffer from disruption. Their development trajectories remain unclear, since a return to the ‘old normal’ seems unlikely, and the emergent ‘new normal’ calls for adaptation towards more state involvement in areas hitherto governed by the market. The paper addresses possible alternative geographies for both cases.

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Section: What Do We Mean By Relational Urbanisation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relational Cities Disrupted: Reflections on the Particular Geographies of COVID‐19 For Small But Global Urbanisation in Dublin, Ireland, and Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

Heße

Rafferty

2020

Tijd voor Econ & Soc Geog

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“…Finally, some network structures, such as open triads (e.g., a trade circuit) and stars (e.g., a hub-and-spoke transportation arrangement) are not observable. This helps explain why trade brokerage is rarely observed in city networks measured using bipartite projection (Neal, 2012), but is readily observable in city networks measured using other methods (Martinus, Sigler, Iacopini, & Derudder, 2019).…”

Section: Challenges With Bipartite Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of Spatial Networks From Bipartite Projections Using the R Backbone Package

Neal

Domagalski

Sagan

2021

Geographical Analysis

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Bipartite projections have become a common way to measure spatial networks. They are now used in many subfields of geography, and are among the most common ways to measure the world city network, where intercity links are inferred from firm co-location patterns. Bipartite projections are attractive because a network can be indirectly inferred from readily available data. However, spatial bipartite projections are difficult to analyze because the links in these networks are weighted, and larger weights do not necessarily indicate stronger or more important connections. Methods for extracting the backbone of bipartite projections offer a solution by using statistical models for identifying the links that have statistically significant weights. In this paper, we introduce the open-source backbone R package, which implements several backbone models, and demonstrate its key features by using it to measure a world city network.

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“…Assessing headquarter-subsidiary ties, Martinus et al (2021) identify 'gatekeepers', which enable the outside world to access a specific area, and 'representatives' of a specific area vis-à-vis the outside world, amongst further types of gateways. Hennemann and Derudder (2014) as well as Martinus et al (2015) uncover regional sub-networks of sector-specific global networks, drawing conclusions on how geographical clusters of cities are integrated into the world economy.…”

Section: Global Interlinking By Gateway Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing gateway cities at different scales: From global interlinking and regional development to urban branding

Scholvin

2021

Geography Compass

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Gateway cities connect vast hinterlands to the outside world, being vital for our highly globalised and networked society. Studying them complements the understanding of urban nodes in global networks from the world city literature because it draws attention to the diversity of these nodes and city-to-hinterland relations. This article first discusses which features mark gateway cities. Logistics, industrial processing, knowledge generation and perhaps other dimensions of global interlinking should be taken into consideration -in addition to corporate control and corporate services. Second, the article sheds light on the impact of gateway cities upon regional development.Whilst some argue that gateways are a filter to economic gains and thus reduce the prospects of their hinterlands, others suggest that they may serve as engines of growth, transmitting impulses to subordinate locations. The author then elaborates on dynamics at the urban scale. He contends that there is need for research on cities (or organisations from there) as actors that resort to, for example, urban branding to become a gateway or reinforce this status. Research along these lines must also address the dark side of urban branding, most importantly the sharp divide between globalised and sidelined urban districts.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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The brokerage role of small states and territories in global corporate networks

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

Cited by 27 publications

References 58 publications

Relational Cities Disrupted: Reflections on the Particular Geographies of COVID‐19 For Small But Global Urbanisation in Dublin, Ireland, and Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

Relational Cities Disrupted: Reflections on the Particular Geographies of COVID‐19 For Small But Global Urbanisation in Dublin, Ireland, and Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

Analysis of Spatial Networks From Bipartite Projections Using the R Backbone Package

Analysing gateway cities at different scales: From global interlinking and regional development to urban branding

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