The Broken Zig-Zag: Late Cenozoic large mammal and tortoise extinction in South America

Cione, Alberto Luis; Tonni, Eduardo Pedro; Soilbenzon, Leopoldo

doi:10.22179/revmacn.5.26

Cited by 127 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…The size-selectivity of extinction risk is not unique to the current extinction crisis; past mass extinction events, such as that of the late Pleistocene, were also biased towards larger species (Martin 1967 ;Johnson 2002 ). During the late-Pleistocene -early-Holocene extinction event, there was a mass extinction of much of the mammalian megafauna, resulting in a loss of several complete ecological guilds and their predators (Cione et al 2003 ). Size selectivity in extinction risk has been long-recognised (e.g.…”

Section: Extinction Drivers In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the Loss of Evolutionary History: How Does Non-random Extinction Prune the Tree-of-Life?

Yessoufou

Davies

2016

Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation

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Analysing extinction within a phylogenetic framework may seem counter-intuitive because extinction is a priori a non-heritable trait. However, extinction risk is correlated with other traits, such as body size, that show a strong phylogenetic signal. Further, there has been much effort in identifying key traits important for diversifi cation, and recent evidence has demonstrated that the processes of speciation and extinction may be inextricably linked. A phylogenetic approach also allows us to quantify the impact of extinction, for example, as the loss of branches from the tree-of-life. Early work suggested that extinctions might result in little loss of evolutionary history, but subsequent studies indicated that nonrandom extinctions might prune more of the evolutionary tree. Loss of phylogenetic diversity might have ecosystem consequences because functional differences between species tend to be correlated with the evolutionary distances between them. Here we explore how extinction prunes the tree-of-life. Our review indicates that the loss of evolutionary history under non-random extinction (the emerging pattern in extinction biology) might be less pronounced than some previous studies have suggested. However, the loss of functional diversity might still be large, depending on the evolutionary model of trait change. Under a punctuated model of evolution, in which trait differences accrue in bursts at speciation, the number of branches lost is more important than their summed lengths. We suggest that evolutionary models need to be incorporated more explicitly into measures of phylogenetic diversity if we are to use phylogeny as a proxy for functional diversity.

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Section: Extinction Drivers In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering the Loss of Evolutionary History: How Does Non-random Extinction Prune the Tree-of-Life?

Yessoufou

Davies

2016

Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation

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“…Guanacos (Lama glama), now the only large, high biomass, lowland South American grassland herbivores, have no range overlap with MW. The low large herbivore abundance and biomass of the Anthropocene (de vivo and Carmignotto, 2004) thus provides no ecological place for a "South American Wild Dog," and MW probably owe their historical survival to their omnivory, whereas the Late Pleistocene dire wolf (Canis dirus) was extinguished in South America with is megafaunal prey (Cione et al, 2003).…”

Section: Implications Of Maned Wolf Omnivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park

Emmons¹

2012

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

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Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o z o o l o g y • n u m b e r 6 3 9The Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park Edited by Louise H. Emmons SerieS PublicationS of the SmithSonian inStitutionEmphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world.Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affiliation with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions requirements and to review the "Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for Authors," visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o z o o l o g y • n u m b e r 6 3 9The Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park Chrysocyon brachyurus) for 10 years in Cerrado habitat of Noel Kempff National Park, Bolivia. Most data were collected by GPS-collar technology, which yielded over 37,000 locations in 27 collar deployments on 10 individuals. The eight chapters introduce the study area and methods (1) and describe daily and seasonal activity (2); movements and ranges (3); diet and energetics (4); social interactions and reproduction (5); disease exposure, morbidity and mortality (6); maned wolf conservation (7); and finally, we synthesize the results in an overview of maned wolf behavioral ecology, with hypotheses about the unique form and function of this atypical canid (8). Activity was temperature related and sharply nocturnal in the dry season but partly diurnal in the rainy season. Adult home ranges were 40-123 km 2 , with strong seasonal variations in land use. Maned wolves averaged 14 km/night travel in dry months and 7 km/night during wet months. Breeding pairs shared territories with contiguous borders, which did not overlap with neighboring pairs. Young females twice stayed until adulthood on natal territories, as presumed helpers, and a...

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“…With the exception of a few smaller mammals, no other animal or plant disappeared. Consequently, this extinction event was distinct from mass extinctions (see comments in Cione et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…We agree with Barnosky et al (2004) in that the accumulated evidence suggests it is time to move beyond casting the Pleistocene extinction debate as a dichotomy of climate versus humans. In this context, we have proposed what we call the Broken Zig-Zag hypothesis (Cione et al, 2003). During most of the middle and late Pleistocene, dry and cold climate caused open areas to predominate in South America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did Humans Cause the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Mammalian Extinctions in South America in a Context of Shrinking Open Areas?

Cione

Tonni

Soibelzon

2009

Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology

106

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The Broken Zig-Zag: Late Cenozoic large mammal and tortoise extinction in South America

Cited by 127 publications

References 0 publications

Reconsidering the Loss of Evolutionary History: How Does Non-random Extinction Prune the Tree-of-Life?

Reconsidering the Loss of Evolutionary History: How Does Non-random Extinction Prune the Tree-of-Life?

Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park

Did Humans Cause the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Mammalian Extinctions in South America in a Context of Shrinking Open Areas?

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