The broader societal impacts of COVID-19 and the growing importance of capturing these in health economic analyses

Schnitzler, Lena; Janssen, Luca M. M.; Evers, Silvia M. A. A.; Jackson, Louise; Paulus, Aggie; Roberts, Tracy; Pokhilenko, Irina

doi:10.1017/s0266462321000155

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Productivity not only concerns paid work, but also unpaid work. Even though it is less often considered in economic evaluations [ 6 ], unpaid work should also be incorporated when analysing the full societal impact of public health issues [ 7 ]. Having to work at home may have positive and negative consequences for unpaid work, and the distribution of unpaid work within a household may change [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic

et al. 2021

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Background and Objective The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken by governments to contain it have affected many aspects of the daily lives of citizens. This study aimed to describe changes in the productivity of paid work and time allocation to paid and unpaid work and leisure resulting from working at home during the pandemic. Methods A sample of 851 people from the Netherlands who had paid work (≥ 24 h/week) and worked at least 4 hours per week extra at home because of lockdown measures completed a questionnaire during the first COVID-19 lockdown (April 2020). Respondents reported time spent on paid and unpaid work and leisure before and during the lockdown. Productivity was measured in terms of quantity and quality of paid work. Results On average, respondents spent less time (14%) on paid work and productivity decreased 5.5%. Changes in productivity were associated with the age of children, net income and having a separate home office. Respondents spent more time on unpaid work (27%) and leisure (11%). Women spent more time on unpaid work in absolute but not in relative terms. People with a partner and with children spent more time on unpaid work and less time on leisure. Conclusions Productivity of paid work decreased, and people reallocated time between paid and unpaid work and leisure during the first COVID-19 lockdown. Changes in time allocation and productivity differed across subgroups. If working at home becomes more common, future research should focus on the long-term impact on productivity and mental and physical health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…Some studies have shown that the quality of the health care received by patients with other diseases, particularly non-communicable ones, has declined owing to the system’s focus on COVID-19. Moreover, changes in the organization of daily life due to anti-epidemic measures, such as the closing of schools, banning of gatherings, and limitation of cultural events, have led to a social depression whose effects will only be known in retrospect ( 31 ).…”

Section: Large-scale Effects Of the Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic two years later… What’s next?

Čivljak

Markotić

2022

Croat Med J

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“…1,2 These impacts have included rising costs to healthcare systems, increasing mental health issues from social isolation, compounding strain on hospitals and healthcare facilities, and ongoing disruptions to the delivery of routine care. [2][3][4] During COVID-19, authorities responded quickly to implement innovative strategies to continue the delivery of health services, and telehealth was recognised as a key strategy to achieve this. Telehealth prevented COVID-19 transmission because consultations could be managed without person-to-person contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs to the Medicare Benefits Schedule for general practitioner consultations: A time-series analysis

et al. 2022

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The COVID-19 pandemic was a catalyst for the introduction of additional telehealth funding (telehealth item numbers) for general practitioner (GP) consultations through the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) in Australia. This study evaluated the impact of telehealth funding on costs to the MBS for GP consultations from January 2017 to December 2021. An interrupted time series analysis assessed MBS costs (initial and monthly growth) for GP consultations (in-person, videoconference, telephone) before and after additional telehealth item numbers were introduced. From January 2017 to February 2020, total MBS costs for GP consultations were, on average, $545 million per month compared to $592 million per month from March 2020 to December 2021. There was an initial cost increase of approximately $39 million in the first month after additional telehealth funding was introduced ( p = 0.0001). Afterwards, there was no significant change in monthly costs ( p = 0.539). The introduction of additional MBS telehealth funding increased overall MBS costs for GP consultations. This increased cost for GP telehealth services could save costs to society if it translates into improved continuity of care, decreased hospitalisations, reduced productivity losses and improved patient outcomes. Future policy reform should incorporate a cost–benefit analysis to determine if increased MBS costs for GP consultations are a good investment.

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The broader societal impacts of COVID-19 and the growing importance of capturing these in health economic analyses

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic

Productivity of Working at Home and Time Allocation Between Paid Work, Unpaid Work and Leisure Activities During a Pandemic

Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic two years later… What’s next?

Costs to the Medicare Benefits Schedule for general practitioner consultations: A time-series analysis

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