The Brillouin gain of vector modes in a few-mode fiber

Pradhan, Prabin; Sengupta, Dipankar; Wang, Lixian; Tremblay, Christine; LaRochelle, Sophie; Ung, Bora

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01621-7

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, a low uniaxial pressure noticeably reduces the probability of failure in the optical fiber. In this sense, lower uniaxial pressures can be used to inscribe MI-LPFGs by laminated plates, where the results are of great interest in distinct applications [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. On the other hand, the normalized transmission of the leading rejection bands shows similar behavior with respect to the rejection bands in conventional LPFGs, as depicted in Figure 5 d, where one can find good correlation between the experimental results and the theory.…”

Section: Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, MI-LPFGs are wide tunable with flexible control of depth attenuation and bandwidth of the rejection bands, and they are reversible. These properties make MI-LPFGs attractive for actual uses, such as variable gain shapers, mode converters, wavelength filters, and sensors, among other applications [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanically-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings Using Laminated Plates

Torres-Gómez

Ceballos-Herrera

Salas-Alcántara

2020

Sensors

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This work presents a formation method of mechanically-induced long-period fiber gratings using laminated plates. The mechanically-induced long-period fiber grating is temporarily inscribed by compressing the optical fiber between a flat plate and the proposed laminated plate. In turn, the new laminated plate consists of a parallel assembling of single-edged utility blades. We present the experimental characterization of mechanically-induced long-period fiber gratings while employing three laminated plates with a period of 480 ± 20 µm and low duty cycles. These mechanically-induced long-period fiber gratings display a leading rejection band (>15 dB) with a couple of shallow rejection bands (<2 dB) in the range of 1100–1700 nm. This spectral behavior is due to the new mechanical fabrication process that is based on laminated plates that we have proposed, which consists of piling multiple blades with trapezoidal edges that are polished with different levels to obtain different duty-cycles. With the proposed method, we can obtain values of duty-cycles around 10%, much lower than those obtained using traditional methods. Additionally, with this new method, the required mechanical pressure to form the grating is remarkably reduced, which minimizes the probability of the optical fiber failure in the mechanically-induced long-period fiber gratings (MI-LPFGs). Moreover, the proposed mechanically-induced long-period fiber gratings with a single rejection band open the feasibility to implement coarse wavelength division multiplexing systems that are based on long-period fiber gratings.

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Section: Analysis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings Using Laminated Plates

Torres-Gómez

Ceballos-Herrera

Salas-Alcántara

2020

Sensors

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“…As long as the thermo-mechanical response is related to the interaction of the scattered optical mode with the guided (or anti-guided) acoustic wave, both the optical and acoustic properties of the fibers may be functions of the environmental changed parameters. The acoustic-optic interactions in such fibers involve optical and acoustic modes that have the most similar shape with the largest spatial overlap [ 99 ], as demonstrated in [ 100 ] with analysis involving modes possessing orbital angular momentum, while Wu et al [ 101 ] described a hybrid Raman-Brillouin system in a few-mode fiber.…”

Section: Sensing With Specialty Fibers For Simultaneous Temperature and Strain Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: distributed time-domain sensors based on Brillouin scattering and FWM enhanced SBS for temperature, strain and acoustic wave detection

2021

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Distributed time-domain Brillouin scattering fiber sensors have been widely used to measure the changes of the temperature and strain. The linear dependence of the temperature and strain on the Brillouin frequency shift enabled the distributed temperature and strain sensing based on mapping of the Brillouin gain spectrum. In addition, an acoustic wave can be detected by the four wave mixing (FWM) associated SBS process, in which phase matching condition is satisfied via up-down conversion of SBS process through birefringence matching before and after the conversion process. Brillouin scattering can be considered as the scattering of a pump wave from a moving grating (acoustic phonon) which induces a Doppler frequency shift in the resulting Stokes wave. The frequency shift is dependent on many factors including the velocity of sound in the scattering medium as well as the index of refraction. Such a process can be used to monitor the gain of random fiber laser based on SBS, the distributed acoustic wave reflect the distributed SBS gain for random lasing radiation, as well as the relative intensity noise inside the laser gain medium. In this review paper, the distributed time-domain sensing system based on Brillouin scattering including Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR), Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA), and FWM enhanced SBS for acoustic wave detection are introduced for their working principles and recent progress. The distributed Brillouin sensors based on specialty fibers for simultaneous temperature and strain measurement are summarized. Applications for the Brillouin scattering time-domain sensors are briefly discussed.

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“…Weng et al [128] showed that the acousto-optic interactions in such fibers involve optical and acoustic modes that have the most similar shape, and therefore, as would be expected, largest spatial overlap (see Equation (8)). Very nice theoretical analyses of such interactions can be found in [129,130]. Xu et al [62,131] provided an analysis involving modes possessing orbital angular momentum, while Wu et al [132] described a hybrid Raman-Brillouin system in a few-mode fiber.…”

Section: Fiber Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of Specialty Optical Fibers for Brillouin-Scattering-Based Distributed Sensors

Dragic

Ballato

2018

Applied Sciences

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Specialty optical fibers employed in Brillouin-based distributed sensors are briefly reviewed. The optical and acoustic waveguide properties of silicate glass optical fiber first are examined with the goal of constructing a designer Brillouin gain spectrum. Next, materials and their effects on the relevant Brillouin scattering properties are discussed. Finally, optical fiber configurations are reviewed, with attention paid to fibers for discriminative or other enhanced sensing configurations. The goal of this brief review is to reinforce the importance of fiber design to distributed sensor systems, generally, and to inspire new thinking in the use of fibers for this sensing application.

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The Brillouin gain of vector modes in a few-mode fiber

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Mechanically-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings Using Laminated Plates

Mechanically-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings Using Laminated Plates

Review: distributed time-domain sensors based on Brillouin scattering and FWM enhanced SBS for temperature, strain and acoustic wave detection

A Brief Review of Specialty Optical Fibers for Brillouin-Scattering-Based Distributed Sensors

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