The breeding system of <i>Ornithopus sativus</i> Brot. subsp. <i>sativus</i>

Nutt, Bradley; Harrison, Robert J.; McComb, J.; Howieson, John

doi:10.1111/gfs.12521

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Since then, the breeding system of Ornithopus sativus Brot. has become understood and this knowledge enabled breeding and selection for the hard seed character in this species (Nutt et al, 2021). While these new accessions have had a positive impact on the profitability and sustainability of southern Australian farming systems (Bathgate et al, 2009), large areas of southern Australia still remain with a sub-optimal forage legume content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Summer sowing”: A successful innovation to increase the adoption of key species of annual forage legumes for agriculture in Mediterranean and temperate environments

Nutt

Loi

Hackney

et al. 2021

Grass and Forage Science

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This paper reports on the evaluation of "summer sowing," an innovative approach to increase the adoption of recently domesticated species of hard seeded annual legumes in Mediterranean and temperate Agriculture. The research revealed that several species of annual legumes whose seed can be readily harvested on-farm and which possess natural hard seed dormancy, may be sown into dry soil in late summer without additional processing. These studies proved that the hard seed dormancy was broken down sufficiently in the soil over 4-6 weeks to produce robust legume pastures with more than 150 seedlings per m 2 following the first winter rains, in replicated field sites established across wide agro-ecological zones in Western Australia (WA) and New South Wales (NSW). Ornithopus sativus Brot., O. compressus L. and Trifolium spumosum L. were suitable for summer sowing based on both hard seed breakdown patterns and subsequent seedling survival in WA. While in NSW, in addition to these legumes, Biserrula pelecinus L., T. vesiculosum Savi. and T. glanduliferum Boiss. were also suitable for summer sowing. A 1.5-to 10-fold increase in herbage production was achieved relative to conventionally sown T. subterraneum L. This development represents a step change in forage legume development for renovated pastures in these environments. Importantly, the experiments revealed differences in G x E effects on seedling establishment, total herbage production and seed yield in different climatic zones. The summer sowing approach is presented as a revolutionary method for pasture renovation that overcomes significant barriers to adoption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Summer sowing”: A successful innovation to increase the adoption of key species of annual forage legumes for agriculture in Mediterranean and temperate environments

Nutt

Loi

Hackney

et al. 2021

Grass and Forage Science

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“…cv. Margurita is an annual legume bred for the ley-farming system of WA (Nutt et al 2021a). It was selected as the second comparator in this study as its pattern of hard seed breakdown differs from B. pelecinus in that it has a greater percentage of hard seed breakdown in the first year after seed production than the second (Loi et al 1999).…”

Section: Acquisition Of Legume Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking hard seed dormancy in the perennial legume Lebeckia ambigua E. Mey. to enhance sustainable agricultural production

Harrison

Edwards

Steel

et al. 2021

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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In this study, seeds of Lebeckia ambigua E. Mey., a South African perennial legume, displayed a high level of physical dormancy, commonly termed 'hardseededness'. In Australian agricultural systems, this trait is exploited in annual legumes to ensure their regeneration after a cropping phase. While hardseededness in annual legumes has been studied extensively, there have been fewer studies of this feature in perennial legumes. Here, for the first time, we examine the conditions required for hard seed breakdown in L. ambigua, with experiments undertaken in both the field and laboratory. The annual legumes Ornithopus sativus Brot. and Biserrula pelecinus L. were included for comparison. More than 50% of the hard seed of L. ambigua, when buried at 0.5 cm for 87 weeks, remained hard, and 25% were still hard after 188 weeks. We are also the first to demonstrate genetic variation in hard seed breakdown patterns of L. ambigua when buried at 0.5 cm. In the laboratory, L. ambigua seed softened after exposure to a temperature of 80°C for 2-8 days in a dry oven and also after reaching 60°C in a cycling temperature oven, with fluctuating humidity. Seed of L. ambigua produced in two different geographic regions of Western Australia and then buried at 0.5 or 4 cm in the soil, at two softening locations, became differentially soft over 188 weeks. There was a significant three-way interaction between burial depth, site and maternal influences (P<0.01) on hard seed breakdown. The pattern of hard seed breakdown revealed in this perennial legume reflects that described for pyrogenic species and does not fit the models developed by agricultural researchers for annual legumes. Understanding the ecological triggers for release of seeds of L. ambigua from dormancy has provided opportunities for exploitation of this trait in future sustainable agricultural development.

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“…), yellow serradellas (Ornithopus compressus L.), biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.), gland clover (Trifolium glanduliferum Boiss. ), bladder clover (Trifolium spumosum L.) and eastern star clover (Trifolium dasyurum L.) (Howieson et al, 2000, Loi et al, 2001, 2005, Nutt et al, 2021a. These species have also been selected for their deep root systems (which extend the growing period), seed dormancy mechanisms that protect seeds from germinating during out-of-season rainfall and allow regeneration after a cropping phase (Loi et al, 2005;Nutt et al, 2021a), tolerance to pests and diseases and ability to harvest large quantities of seed with non-specialist machinery (Howieson et al, 2000;Loi et al, 2005Loi et al, , 2008Loi et al, , 2010Loi et al, and 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), bladder clover (Trifolium spumosum L.) and eastern star clover (Trifolium dasyurum L.) (Howieson et al, 2000, Loi et al, 2001, 2005, Nutt et al, 2021a. These species have also been selected for their deep root systems (which extend the growing period), seed dormancy mechanisms that protect seeds from germinating during out-of-season rainfall and allow regeneration after a cropping phase (Loi et al, 2005;Nutt et al, 2021a), tolerance to pests and diseases and ability to harvest large quantities of seed with non-specialist machinery (Howieson et al, 2000;Loi et al, 2005Loi et al, , 2008Loi et al, , 2010Loi et al, and 2012. While these newer species are being steadily adopted by farmers due to their superior productivity and nutritional value, as well as benefits associated with a break crop, there has been little quantification of the N fixation benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal and oil seed crops response to organic nitrogen when grown in rotation with annual aerial-seeded pasture legumes

Loi

Thomas²,

Yates³

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Sci.

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Nitrogen fixation from pasture legumes is a fundamental process that contributes to the profitability and sustainability of dryland agricultural systems. The aim of this research was to determine whether well-managed pastures, based on aerial-seeding pasture legumes, could partially or wholly meet the nitrogen (N) requirements of subsequent grain crops in an annual rotation. Fifteen experiments were conducted in Western Australia with wheat, barley or canola crops grown in a rotation that included the pasture legume species French serradella (Ornithopus sativus), biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus), bladder clover (Trifolium spumosum), annual medics (Medicago spp.) and the non-aerial seeded subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum). After the pasture phase, five rates of inorganic N fertilizer (Urea, applied at 0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg/ha) were applied to subsequent cereal and oil seed crops. The yields of wheat grown after serradella, biserrula and bladder clover, without the use of applied N fertilizer, were consistent with the target yields for growing conditions of the trials (2.3 to 5.4 t/ha). Crop yields after phases of these pasture legume species were similar or higher than those following subterranean clover or annual medics. The results of this study suggest a single season of a legume-dominant pasture may provide sufficient organic N in the soil to grow at least one crop, without the need for inorganic N fertilizer application. This has implications for reducing inorganic N requirements and the carbon footprint of cropping in dryland agricultural systems.

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The breeding system of Ornithopus sativus Brot. subsp. sativus

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

“Summer sowing”: A successful innovation to increase the adoption of key species of annual forage legumes for agriculture in Mediterranean and temperate environments

“Summer sowing”: A successful innovation to increase the adoption of key species of annual forage legumes for agriculture in Mediterranean and temperate environments

Breaking hard seed dormancy in the perennial legume Lebeckia ambigua E. Mey. to enhance sustainable agricultural production

Cereal and oil seed crops response to organic nitrogen when grown in rotation with annual aerial-seeded pasture legumes

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