The Breeding Bird Community of a Primaeval Temperate Forest (Białowieża National Park, Poland) at the End of the 20^thCentury

Breeding Success and Timing of the Pied FlycatcherFicedula hypoleucaNesting in Natural Holes and Nest-Boxes in the Białowieża Forest, Poland

“…Numerous, evenly placed nestboxes with many singing males in their vicinity (song attracts other males, Alatalo et al 1982) could be easier to find by females. Breeding density of the Pied Flycatchers in BNP was low (Tomiałojć & Wesołowski 1996, Wesołowski et al 2002. Therefore, some delay of breeding in natural nest sites could result from greater flycatchers' dispersion.…”

Distribution, Breeding Density and Nest Sites of HawfinchesCoccothraustes coccothraustesin the Primeval Forest of Białowieża National Park

“…This makes Hawfinch the third or fourth most numerous breeder in the local bird community (Wesołowski et al 2002). In spite of this, during the second-half of May, an observer less acquainted with this species may fail to notice the presence of even a single Hawfinch.…”

Badge Size and Arrival Time Predict Mating Success of Red-Breasted FlycatcherFicedula parvaMales

“…During the time of the arrival (usually three weeks in May), one or two persons per study plot searched for newly arriving males every day, by listening for the songs of individual red-breasted flycatchers. Singing males were searched for in three study plots (total area 79.5 ha) covered by oldgrowth lime-oak-hornbeam Tilio Querco-Carpinetum stands (Tomiałojć , 1991;Wesołowski et al, 2002Wesołowski et al, , 2006 and along roads leading to those plots. Territories were considered occupied if males were observed for three or more days.…”

“…Most of them are socially monogamous; to date, only one case of polygyny has been recorded (Mitrus and Soć ko, 2005). The earliest males arrive in the Białowiez · a Forest in late April to early May , older males arrive significantly earlier (Mitrus, 2007b).The red-breasted flycatchers breed solitarily in natural tree cavities (Mitrus and Soć ko, 2004) in deciduous or mixed stands, in low densities of up to 2.0 pairs/10 ha (Wesołowski et al, 2002(Wesołowski et al, , 2006(Wesołowski et al, , 2010.…”