The Breccia Museo formation, Campi Flegrei, southern Italy: geochronology, chemostratigraphy and relationship with the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption

Abstract

The Breccia Museo is one of the most debated volcanic formations of the Campi Flegrei volcanic district. The deposit, made up of six distinctive stratigraphic units, has been interpreted by some as the proximal facies of the major caldera-forming Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, and by others as the product of several, more recent, independent and localized events. New geochemical and chemostratigraphical data and Ar-Ar age determinations for several units of the Breccia Museo deposits (~39 ka), correlate well with the Campanian Ignimbrite-forming eruption. The chemical zoning of the Breccia Museo deposits is interpreted here to be a consequence of a three-stage event that tapped a vertically zoned trachytic magma chamber.

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

“…The starting material (Table 1) is the same obsidian used in previous work; it was sampled within the Breccia Museo Unit, a pyroclastic breccia associated with the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated at c.a. 39 ka (Melluso et al 1995;Fedele et al 2008). The sample is known as ZAC in the literature (Di Matteo et al 2004;Fabbrizio and Carroll 2008;Calzolaio et al 2010;Arzilli and Carroll 2013).…”

The Averno 2 fissure eruption: a recent small-size explosive event at the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy)

“…It is a nested and resurgent structure (Orsi et al 1992(Orsi et al , 1996 formed during two main collapses related to eruptions of the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI; 39 ka; Barberi et al 1978;Fisher et al 1993;Rosi et al 1996Rosi et al , 1999Civetta et al 1997;De Vivo et al 2001;Fedele et al 2002Fedele et al , 2003Fedele et al , 2008Pappalardo et al 2002a;Ort et al 2003) and the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT; 15 ka; Orsi et al 1992Orsi et al , 1995Scarpati et al 1993;Wohletz et al 1995;Deino et al 2004) (Fig. 1a).…”

Magma Mixing: History and Dynamics of an Eruption Trigger

“…eruptive dynamics. The Campi Flegrei caldera is a nested and resurgent structure in the Campania Region, South Italy (Orsi et al 1996), possibly formed after two large caldera forming eruptions: the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (39 ka, Fedele et al 2008) and the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (15 ka, Deino et al 2004). Its magmatic system is still active as testified by the occurrence of the last eruption in 1538 AD, as well as the present widespread fumaroles and hot springs activity, and the persistent state of unrest (Del Gaudio et al 2010;Chiodini et al 2003Chiodini et al , 2012Chiodini et al , 2015Moretti et al 2013).…”

“…For compositionally homogenous magmas such as those extruded at the Campi Flegrei caldera (trachytes and phonolites being by far the most abundant rocks), major oxide and trace element variations cannot be used to unequivocally establish which magma evolution processes operated. Thus, together with petrographic, mineral chemistry and chemical data, isotopic investigations on volcanic rocks spanning the history of the volcano have been performed in recent decades in order to define the role of variable magmatic processes in the evolution of its feeding system up to eruption (e.g., Civetta et al 1997;D'Antonio et al 1999D'Antonio et al , 2013de Vita et al 1999;Pappalardo et al 2002;Fedele et al 2008Fedele et al , 2009Tonarini et al 2004Tonarini et al , 2009Arienzo et al 2010Perugini et al 2010;Melluso et al 2012;Arienzo et al 2015).…”