The breakage of glass – Thermal shock and nickel sulfide inclusion

Mognato, Ennio; Barbieri, A.

doi:10.1201/b14563-23

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…A relatively large number of experimental studies related to the resistance and thermal performance of glass have been focused on thermal breakage (Mognato and Barbieri, 2013;Malou et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013;Karlsson, 2017;Vandebroek, 2018;Kozłowski et al, 2018b). The studies investigated the major reason of glass cracking in windows with shaded edges.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Resistance Testing of a Timber-Glass Composite Beam

Sjöström

Kozłowski

Honfí

et al. 2020

International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Material

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Glass structures have been increasingly utilised in modern construction for decades with load-bearing walls or facades as the most common elements. However, the use of glass beams has recently been given more attention but its application as load-bearing elements has been limited by the low tensile resistance, its brittle behaviour during failure and concerns of its performance in case of fire. Parts of these aspects can be covered by using Timber-Glass composites beams, with timber flanges and a glass web. Previous research and practical application show high potential for this type of composites in ambient temperatures but its performance in fire has not yet been assessed and thus not completely understood. This study describes what to our knowledge is the first full scale fire resistance tests of Timber-Glass composites beams. These tests results are also analysed using finite-element simulations in order to understand the mechanisms of failure during the tests. It was shown that adding a timber flange to a glass web can have severe complications for the fire resistance, however, there are many possible ways to circumvent these issues.

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Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Resistance Testing of a Timber-Glass Composite Beam

Sjöström

Kozłowski

Honfí

et al. 2020

International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Material

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“…Besides such a list of conventional values of interest for design purposes, a large number of experimental studies related to the thermal performance and resistance of glass has been focused on thermal breakage (see for example some recent studies in [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]), being representative of the major reason of glass cracking for windows and fenestrations. Given the number of existing research studies, however, the topic still requires investigations, since even counterposed findings can be derived from past research projects [ 7 ].…”

Section: Materials Properties and Temperature Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis and 1D/2D Sensitivity Study for Monolithic and Laminated Structural Glass Elements under Thermal Exposure

2018

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Glass is largely used in architectural and engineering applications (i.e., buildings and vehicles) as a structural material, especially in the form of laminated glass (LG) sections. To achieve adequate and controlled safety levels in these applications, the well-known temperature-dependent behavior of viscoelastic interlayers for LG sections should be properly accounted for during the design process. Furthermore, the materials’ thermomechanical degradation with increases of temperature could severely affect the load-bearing performance of glass assemblies. In this context, uncoupled thermomechanical finite element (FE) numerical models could represent a robust tool and support for design engineers. Key input parameters and possible limits of the FE method, however, should be properly calibrated and assessed, so as to enable reliable estimations for the real behavior of glazing systems. In this paper, FE simulations are proposed for monolithic (MG) and LG specimens under radiant heating, based on one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) models. A special attention is focused on thermal effects, being representative of the first step for conventional uncoupled, thermomechanical analyses. Based on experimental results available in the literature, FE parametric studies are discussed, giving evidence of limits and issues due to several modeling assumptions. In particular, careful consideration is paid for various thermal material properties (conductivity, specific heat) and thermal boundaries (conductivity, emissivity), but also for other influencing parameters like the geometrical features of samples (thickness tolerances, cross-sectional properties, etc.), the composition of LG sections (interlayer type, thickness), the loading pattern (heat transfer distribution) and the presence of additional mechanical restraints (i.e., supports of different materials). Comparative FE results are hence critically discussed, highlighting the major effects of such influencing parameters.

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“…The identified inclusions that are located in the central tension zone are investigated by a third step with magnifying glass or a light microscope. The NiS inclusions can be sorted by the characteristic color and the surface structure, however not necessarily [47]. The method is time consuming and dependent on qualified staff that photograph and examine the photos.…”

Section: Alternative Preventive Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other glass compositions [44,47] Renders satisfying results and the glass composition can be optimized for increased scratch resistance and crack resistance [112].…”

Section: Alternative Methods Advantages Disadvantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generally accepted origin of Nickel is that it comes from some kind of alloy and that NiS inclusions are formed in three steps (i) Ni is separated from the other metals in the alloy according to Ostwald's step theory which depends on the nobility of the metals [39,45] and (iii) it is trapped into the glass while the glass is cooled [42]. The NiS inclusions are often spherical but are sometimes elliptical or even cigar shaped [46,47]. This indicates that the NiS inclusions have been molten but not dissolved into the glass melt floating around like drops of oil in water [48].The surface of the NiS inclusions is often uneven, like a golf ball, which indicates that it has crystallized during the cooling process.…”

Section: Origin Of Nickel Sulfidementioning

confidence: 99%

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