2017
DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00074
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The Brain of the Black (Diceros bicornis) and White (Ceratotherium simum) African Rhinoceroses: Morphology and Volumetrics from Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract: The morphology and volumetrics of the understudied brains of two iconic large terrestrial African mammals: the black (Diceros bicornis) and white (Ceratotherium simum) rhinoceroses are described. The black rhinoceros is typically solitary whereas the white rhinoceros is social, and both are members of the Perissodactyl order. Here, we provide descriptions of the surface of the brain of each rhinoceros. For both species, we use magnetic resonance images (MRI) to develop a description of the internal anatomy of … Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(10 citation statements)
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References 37 publications
(58 reference statements)
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“…Therefore, the MPND1083 represents one a few natural brain endocasts described in extinct Rhinocerotinae (Figure 6). MPND1083 consists of a globular telencephalon, free of convolutions with the frontal lobes less expanded than the parietal ones resembling in the general shape those reported on extant Ceratotherium simum and Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Garrod, 1878;Bhagwandin et al, 2017), whereas it differs from that of Diceros bicornis (Figure 5I). In dorsal view, the brain of the black rhino shows a very rounded shape without the narrowing at the level of the lateral sulcus, which is evident in the other taxa.…”
Section: Brainsupporting
confidence: 53%
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“…Therefore, the MPND1083 represents one a few natural brain endocasts described in extinct Rhinocerotinae (Figure 6). MPND1083 consists of a globular telencephalon, free of convolutions with the frontal lobes less expanded than the parietal ones resembling in the general shape those reported on extant Ceratotherium simum and Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Garrod, 1878;Bhagwandin et al, 2017), whereas it differs from that of Diceros bicornis (Figure 5I). In dorsal view, the brain of the black rhino shows a very rounded shape without the narrowing at the level of the lateral sulcus, which is evident in the other taxa.…”
Section: Brainsupporting
confidence: 53%
“…In dorsal view, the brain of the black rhino shows a very rounded shape without the narrowing at the level of the lateral sulcus, which is evident in the other taxa. The different brain morphology of extant D. bicornis and C. simum (Figures 5I,J) has been studied with Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Bhagwandin et al (2017) and related to diet. According to the authors, the shape of the brains reflects the overall architecture of the skulls, which in turn are related to the feeding habits of the two species, browsing for the black rhinoceros and grazing for the white rhinoceros.…”
Section: Brainmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…These three examples suggest that the combina-M. Denda, S. Nakanishi DOI: 10.4236/aa.2020.101002 24 Advances in Anthropology tion of an exposed, environmentally sensitive skin and a large brain might have played a key role during animal evolution. Several terrestrial mammals are largely hairless, including the hippopotamus, elephant, rhinoceros and naked mole rat, and the hippopotamus and rhinoceros do not have large brains (Lyras, 2018;Bhagwandin et al, 2017). We propose that because these two animals have thick skin, it might have been difficult to construct tightly-organized, arborizing peripheral nerve networks in their skin.…”
Section: Speculation From the Standpoint Of Comparative Anatomymentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Along that line, substantial progress is noted in the study of brain structure in gyrencephalic species beyond primates, such as the dromedary (Simon, 1965 ), llama (Welker et al, 1976 ), horse (Cozzi et al, 2014 ), hippopotamus (Butti et al, 2014 ), rhinoceros (Manger, 2011 ; Bhagwandin et al, 2017 ), elephant seal, and sea lion (Sawyer et al, 2016 ; Turner et al, 2017 ), not to mention the extensive literature on proboscidea (Dexler, 1907 ; Jakob, 1909 ; Janssen and Stephan, 1956 ; Haug, 1966 ; Cozzi et al, 2001 ; Shoshani et al, 2006 ; Jacobs et al, 2011 ; Herculano-Houzel et al, 2014 ) and cetacea (Tower, 1954 ; Haug, 1970 ; Walløe et al, 2010 ; Butti et al, 2011 ; Mortensen et al, 2014 ).…”
Section: The Discrepancy Of Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%