The bowel movement characteristics of exclusively breastfed and exclusively formula fed infants differ during the first three months of life

Moretti, Emilie; Rakza, Thameur; Mestdagh, Béatrice; Labreuche, Julien; Turck, Dominique

doi:10.1111/apa.14620

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Defecation frequency and stool consistency of young infants are influenced by their feeding mode. Breastfed infants pass more frequent and softer stools than formula-fed infants, and breastfeeding is considered to prevent constipation ( 94 , 95 ). During infancy feeding, changes such as the transition from breastfeeding to formula feeding or the introduction of solid foods often trigger the onset of functional constipation ( 95 ).…”

Section: Functional Constipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pediatric Aspects of Nutrition Interventions for Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction

et al. 2022

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Dietary factors may play an important role in the generation of symptoms in children with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs). Although dietary modification may provide successful treatment, there is a relative paucity of controlled trials that have shown the effectiveness of dietary interventions. This study is a narrative review that explores the existing literature on food and pediatric DGBIs. The following have been shown to be beneficial: (i) in infants with colic, removing cow's milk from the infant's diet or from the maternal diet in those who are breastfed; (ii) in infants with regurgitation, adding thickeners to the formula or removing cow's milk protein from the infant's diet or the maternal diet in those who are breastfed; and (iii) in children with pain-predominant DGBIs, using soluble fiber supplementation or a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet. In children with functional constipation, there is no evidence that adding fiber is beneficial. Given that most dietary interventions include restriction of different foods in children, a thoughtful approach and close follow-up are needed.

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Section: Functional Constipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathophysiology of constipation is multifactorial. Common factors include diet, physical activity, psychological disorders, colonic sensorimotor disturbances, and pelvic floor dysfunction (2,(94)(95)(96).…”

Section: Functional Constipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Aspects of Nutrition Interventions for Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction

et al. 2022

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“…For the pHF group also most stools were reported to be soft, however higher number of stools with a more watery consistency were observed compared to the IPF, despite the lower levels of added GOS in the pHF (1.7 g/L). For comparison, watery stool consistency has been reported for breastfed than formula fed infants during the first three months of life (29). While the stool colour in the IPF group was mostly yellow or orange, the stools of the pHF group were mostly green and some were yellow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Growth and gut comfort of healthy term infants exclusively fed with a partially hydrolysed protein-based infant formula: a randomized controlled double-blind trial

Kantaras,

Kokkinopoulou,

Hageman

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate growth and gut comfort of healthy infants fed with a partially hydrolysed cow's milk protein-based infant formula (pHF) compared to a standard intact cow's milk protein-based formula (IPF).MethodsA double-blind, multi-center, randomized, controlled trial was performed. Healthy full-term, exclusively formula-fed infants (n = 345), aged ≤28 days were allocated to consume either a pHF (n = 173) or an IPF (n = 172) until the age of 17 weeks. The primary outcome was equivalence of weight gain (g/d) until the age of 17 weeks. The secondary outcomes were equivalence of other growth parameters, i.e., infants’ weight, length, head circumference, body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric Z-scores, while tertiary outcomes were gut comfort, formula intake, and adverse events (AEs).ResultsOverall, 288 infants completed the study (pHF group: 138, IPF group: 150). No differences were observed between the two groups in weight gain (g/d) during the three-months intervention [p = 0.915 for the Per Protocol (PP) population]. The 90% CI was [−1.252 to 1.100] being within the pre-defined equivalence margin of ±3.0 g/d. Similar findings were observed in the Full Analysis Set (FAS) and the sensitivity analysis. Regarding the secondary outcomes, no differences over the intervention period were shown between the two groups in both the PP and FAS analysis sets. Average Z-scores were in the normal range based on World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards for both groups at all time points in both analysis sets. Stool consistency, amount, and colour were different in the two groups. No differences were observed in gut comfort, stool frequency, and formula intake, between the two groups. In total 14 AEs and 22 serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported of which 15 (12%) and 1 (5%) were considered as (possibly) related to the study product, respectively.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that the consumption of pHF results in adequate infant growth, equivalent to that of infants consuming IPF. Furthermore, the overall gut comfort was comparable between the two groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pHF is safe for and well tolerated by healthy infants.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05757323?id=NCT05757323&rank=1, identifier (NCT05757323).

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“…Infancy is characterized by large variations in stool frequency and consistency, both between and within infants [ 64 ]. In a cohort of 600 healthy Dutch infants, breastfed infants showed an average daily defecation frequency of 3.65 times per day in the neonatal period, which decreased significantly during the first 3 months to 1.88 times per day, whereas no significant changes were observed in infants fed with standard formula or mixed feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeding the Infant Gut in Early Life—Effects of Maternal and Infant Seeding with Probiotics on Strain Transfer, Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Breastfed Infants

Melsaether,

Høtoft,

Wellejus

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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We investigated the effects of two dosing regimens of two multi-strain probiotic products on the gut microbiota of breastfed infants, including the transfer of the dosed strains and clinical outcomes. In forty-seven dyads, infants were either exposed through maternal intake (MS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bifin02 from gestational week thirty-three until four weeks after birth (n = 24) or dosed directly (IS) with the same strains except for LA-5 starting within 24 h after birth until day 28 (n = 23). Infant stool samples were collected on day 0, 14, 28, and 42 after birth. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by parents using an electronic diary. Microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, and strain recovery was analyzed by qPCR. Notably, 100% of the IS infants were colonized with Bifin02 after 14 days as opposed to only 25% of the MS infants. Mean stool frequency was significantly lower in IS infants compared to MS infants and IS infants had softer stools on day 14, 28, and 42. A significantly steeper slope of progression of inconsolable crying and fussing was observed in MS infants compared to IS infants. In conclusion, direct infant seeding induced a faster increase in fecal bifidobacteria abundancy and Bifin02 recovery compared to dosed through the maternal intake.

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The bowel movement characteristics of exclusively breastfed and exclusively formula fed infants differ during the first three months of life

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Pediatric Aspects of Nutrition Interventions for Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction

Pediatric Aspects of Nutrition Interventions for Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction

Growth and gut comfort of healthy term infants exclusively fed with a partially hydrolysed protein-based infant formula: a randomized controlled double-blind trial

Seeding the Infant Gut in Early Life—Effects of Maternal and Infant Seeding with Probiotics on Strain Transfer, Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Breastfed Infants

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