The Bow Echo and MCV Experiment: Observations and Opportunities

Davis, Christopher A.; Atkins, Nolan T.; Bartels, Diana L.; Bosart, Lance F.; Coniglio, Michael C.; Bryan, G. H.; Cotton, William R.; Dowell, David C.; Jewett, Brian F.; Johns, Robert H.; Jorgensen, David P.; Knievel, Jason C.; Knupp, Kevin R.; Lee, Wen Chau; McFarquhar, Greg M.; Moore, James A.; Przybylinski, Ron W.; Rauber, Robert M.; Smull, Bradley F.; Trapp, Robert J.; Trier, Stanley B.; Wakimoto, Roger M.; Weisman, Morris L.; Ziegler, Conrad L.

doi:10.1175/bams-85-8-1075

Cited by 167 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The kinematic features of the bow echo determined in this study were in general 488 agreement with the result of previous bow echo event (Davis et al 2004 …”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Structure and Evolution of a Convective System with Bow Echo Associated with Terrain on Jeju Island, Korea

Kang

Jeong

You³

et al. 2018

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…The kinematic features of the bow echo determined in this study were in general 488 agreement with the result of previous bow echo event (Davis et al 2004 …”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Structure and Evolution of a Convective System with Bow Echo Associated with Terrain on Jeju Island, Korea

Kang

Jeong

You³

et al. 2018

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…These five cases represent various strongly forced warm season convective systems [linear systems including bowing, parallel, leading, and trailing stratiform as well as nonlinear systems; Grams et al (2006)] mostly from the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX; Davis et al 2004). For added insight, the remaining two cases are weakly forced, that is, mainly thermodynamically forced, and are 20-21 June 2005 and 24-25 July 2005.…”

Section: Methodology a Model Setup And Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Impact of WRF Model Vertical Grid Resolution on Midwest Summer Rainfall Forecasts

Aligo

Gallus

Segal

2009

Weather and Forecasting

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Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model exploratory sensitivity simulations were performed to determine the impact of vertical grid resolution (VGR) on the forecast skill of Midwest summer rainfall. Varying the VGR indicated that a refined VGR, while adopting the widely used North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) for initial and lateral boundary conditions, does not necessarily result in a consistent improvement in quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs). When averaged over a variety of microphysical schemes in an illustrative case, equitable threat score (ETS) and bias values actually worsened with a greater overpredicted rainfall for half of the rainfall thresholds when the VGR was refined. Averaged over strongly forced cases, ETS values worsened for all rainfall thresholds while biases mostly increased, indicating a further overprediction of rainfall when the number of levels was increased. Skill improved, however, for all rainfall thresholds when the resolution above the melting level was increased. Skill also improved for most rainfall thresholds when the resolution in the surface layer was increased, which is attributed to better-resolved surface turbulent momentum and thermal fluxes. Likewise, a refined VGR resulted in improvements in weakly forced cases, which are governed mostly by thermodynamic forcing and are sensitive to vertical profiles of temperature and moisture. Application of the factor separation method suggested that the refined VGR more frequently had a negative impact on skill through the interaction between lower-atmospheric processes and microphysical processes above the melting level. KeywordsAgronomy, atmospheric process, equitable threat score, illustrative case, lateral boundary conditions, melting levels, microphysical process, negative impacts, quantitative precipitation forecast, reanalysis, sensitivity simulation, summer rainfall, surface layers, thermal fluxes, turbulent momentum, vertical grids, WRF model, atmospheric thermodynamics, climate prediction, rainfall, weather forecasting Varying the VGR indicated that a refined VGR, while adopting the widely used North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) for initial and lateral boundary conditions, does not necessarily result in a consistent improvement in quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs). When averaged over a variety of microphysical schemes in an illustrative case, equitable threat score (ETS) and bias values actually worsened with a greater overpredicted rainfall for half of the rainfall thresholds when the VGR was refined. Averaged over strongly forced cases, ETS values worsened for all rainfall thresholds while biases mostly increased, indicating a further overprediction of rainfall when the number of levels was increased. Skill improved, however, for all rainfall thresholds when the resolution above the melting level was increased. Skill also improved for most rainfall thresholds when the resolution in the surface layer was increased, which is attributed to better-resolved surface turbulent momentum ...

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“…The former were on a national grid. The latter were on a smaller domain, and were run to support forecasters in the field during the Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex (MCV) Experiment (BAMEX) conducted in the central United States in 2003 (Davis et al 2004a). Model configurations are in Table 1.…”

Section: A Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Temporal Modes of Rainfall to Evaluate the Performance of a Numerical Weather Prediction Model

Knievel¹,

Ahijevych²,

Manning³

2004

Mon. Wea. Rev.

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The authors demonstrate that much can be learned about the performance of a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model by examining the temporal modes of its simulated rainfall. Observations from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network are used to evaluate the rainfall frequency, and its diurnal and semidiurnal modes, in simulations made by a preliminary version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the conterminous United States during the summer of 2003.Simulations and observations were broadly similar in the normalized amplitudes of their diurnal and semidiurnal modes, but not in the modes' phases, and not in overall frequency of rain. Simulated rain fell too early, and light rain was too frequent. The model also did not produce the distinct, nocturnal maximum in rainfall frequency that is integral to the hydrologic cycle of the Great Plains. The authors provide evidence that there were regional and phenomenological dependencies to the WRF model's performance.

show abstract

The Bow Echo and MCV Experiment: Observations and Opportunities

Abstract: The field campaign, involving multiple aircraft and ground-based instruments, documented numerous long-lived mesoscale convective systems, many producing strong surface winds and exhibiting mesoscale rotation.

Cited by 167 publications

References 50 publications

Structure and Evolution of a Convective System with Bow Echo Associated with Terrain on Jeju Island, Korea

Structure and Evolution of a Convective System with Bow Echo Associated with Terrain on Jeju Island, Korea

On the Impact of WRF Model Vertical Grid Resolution on Midwest Summer Rainfall Forecasts

Using Temporal Modes of Rainfall to Evaluate the Performance of a Numerical Weather Prediction Model

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