The Bourse Shoot as a Factor in the Growth of Apple Fruits

Abbott, D. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1960.tb03546.x

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This may be due to the greater sink effect of the fruiting shoot as a whole, compared to vegetative ones (Hansen 1977). Competition between bourse-shoot and fruit growth usually occurs early in the season and is detrimental to fruit-set but both phenomena are positively related later in the season (Abbott 1960;Ferree and Palmer 1982;Quinlan and Preston 1971). Indeed, an increased fruit sink demand stimulates photosynthesis of adjacent bourse and bourseshoot leaves (Hansen 1977) and, vice versa, an increased leaf area stimulates fruit growth and calcium content (Volz et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Light interception in apple trees influenced by canopy architecture manipulation

Willaume

Lauri²,

Sinoquet

2004

Trees

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Improvement of light penetration within tree canopies has been a constant objective of fruit tree architecture manipulation through the setting up of training systems. Recently, centrifugal training, i.e. the removal of fruiting shoots in the tree centre and on the underside of branches, has been proposed to improve fruit size and colour as well as return-bloom as compared to conventional solaxe-trained trees with equivalent crop loads. The present study was conducted to quantify the benefits of centrifugal training on light interception by the fruiting shoots via computer-assisted three-dimensional representations of foliage geometry. Data were collected on six 5-year-old apple trees cv.Galaxy, trained either with solaxe or centrifugal training systems, using an electromagnetic 3D digitiser. The 3D distribution of the foliage in the tree canopy was recreated by combining both the spatial locations of shoots (as measured from 3D digitising) and foliage reconstruction. Light interception efficiency properties of the trees were characterised by silhouette to total area ratio (STAR) values computed from images of the 3D mock-ups. Compared to the solaxe system, centrifugal training significantly improved the STAR of the whole tree by 20%. It also increased both leaf area and STAR of the fruiting shoots by approximately 15%, regardless of their position in the canopy. In this paper, we discuss the role of this enhanced light interception by the canopy in increasing the autonomy of the fruiting shoot, i.e. improved fruit size and colour, and return-bloom.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Light interception in apple trees influenced by canopy architecture manipulation

Willaume

Lauri²,

Sinoquet

2004

Trees

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In mature trees, however, an inverse relationship exists usually between yield and growth. Shoot growth, at certain stages of development, decreases apple fruit retention (Abbott, 1960;Quinlan and Preston, 1971), while heavy fruit load reduces trunk (Beattie, 1958;Boynton et al, 1950;Klein and Spieler, 1987a) or shoot growth within the same (Avery, 1970) or in the following year (Forshey, 1982;Rogers and Booth, 1964). In 'Starking', no correlation has been found between yield and shoot growth (Benson et al, 1957).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Drip nitrogen fertigation of ‘Starking Delicious’ apple trees

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The response of'Starking Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple trees to four N fertigation treatments in drip irrigation (50, 150, 250 and 400 kg N ha-l, supplemented with a uniform dose of 400 kg K ha-l ) was investigated in a field experiment during 6 years.Nitrate nitrogen in the soil was proportional (7-58 mg kg -1) to the applied N dose at the end of a 6 week fertigation period in the spring. At other times, the nitrate concentration in the soil was very low. Soil K decreased with depth and in the 0-30 cm soil layer it was negatively correlated with the applied N dose, before fertigation started. At the end of the spring fertigation period, higher K was found in all soil layers analyzed.Vegetative growth was correlated positively with the amount of N applied. Leaf chlorophyll and N were significantly lower only in the lowest N treatment, while increased fruit size and decreased fruit color were measured only in the higher N treatments. Yield was severely biennial. In the 'On' years crop load was heavier as less N was applied. An extremely high crop load in the lowest N treatment was followed by a reduced flower density and yield in the following season. In the 'Off years, a significantly higher yield was obtained with the 150 kg ha-~ dose. The dry weights, N, P and K contents of the above ground parts of mature apple trees were determined.

show abstract

“…Spurs mutants with short internodes and lateral branching have an enhanced precocity and a greater fruit-setting ability [23], [24], even though they tend to be alternate bearing [25]. Additional evidence of the impact of vegetative shoot length on terminal bud floral induction and fruit setting has been provided, supporting the assumption of within tree variation of fruit set [5] [26]. Describing the genetic variability of architectural traits among cultivars and progenies, [20] noticed several cultivars and hybrids that exhibited a fruit self-thinning behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fruit Self-Thinning: A Trait to Consider for Genetic Improvement of Apple Tree

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In apple (Malus×domestica Borkh), as in many fruiting crops, fruit maintenance vs abscission is a major criteria for production profitability. Growers routinely make use of chemical thinning agents to control total fruit load. However, serious threats for the environment lead to the demand for new apple cultivars with self-thinning properties. In this project, we studied the genetic determinism of this trait using a F1 progeny derived from the cross between the hybrid INRA X3263, assumed to possess the self-thinning trait, and the cultivar ‘Belrène’. Both counting and percentage variables were considered to capture the fruiting behaviour on different shoot types and over three consecutive years. Besides low to moderate but significant genetic effects, mixed models showed considerable effects of the year and the shoot type, as well as an interaction effect. Year effect resulted mainly from biennial fruiting. Eight Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) were detected on several linkage groups (LG), either independent or specific of the year of observation or the shoot type. The QTL with highest LOD value was located on the top third of LG10. The screening of three QTL zones for candidate genes revealed a list of transcription factors and genes involved in fruit nutrition, xylem differentiation, plant responses to starvation and organ abscission that open new avenues for further molecular investigations. The detailed phenotyping performed revealed the dependency between the self-thinning trait and the fruiting status of the trees. Despite a moderate genetic control of the self-thinning trait, QTL and candidate genes were identified which will need further analyses involving other progenies and molecular investigations.

show abstract

The Bourse Shoot as a Factor in the Growth of Apple Fruits

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Light interception in apple trees influenced by canopy architecture manipulation

Light interception in apple trees influenced by canopy architecture manipulation

Drip nitrogen fertigation of ‘Starking Delicious’ apple trees

Fruit Self-Thinning: A Trait to Consider for Genetic Improvement of Apple Tree

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About