The boundary model: A geographical analysis of design and conservation of nature reserves

Schonewald-Cox, C.; Bayless, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(86)90057-1

Cited by 127 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Successful conservation of wapiti depends on effective landscape planning and management, including uses of parks and reserves. Because of the species' history of long--distance movements and migrations managers of reserves usually counteract isolation by reducing, restoring and dispersing populations (Houston et al 1990, Schonewald-Cox andBayless 1986). Managers could avoid many problems that complicate their work unnecessarily, such as misguided legislation, misplaced restoration programs, and distrust of scientists (Buechner et al 1992, Schonewald--Cox 1994, if the phylogeographic work precedes, rather than follows, legislation and management efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cervus canadensis and C. elaphus : North American subspecies and evaluation of clinal extremes

Schonewald¹

1994

Acta Theriol.

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The distinctiveness of each extant North American subspecies of C. elaphus (Linnaeus, 1758) was tested using craniometric data. To provide a context for interpretation of these data, the distinctiveness of North American C. elaphus from Eurasian C. elaphus was reassessed from existing data and conclusions tested. Morphometric variations in size, shape, and sexual dimorphism of adult crania were analyzed using combined male-female and independent male and female principal component analyses. North American subspecies do not represent natural biogeographic variation as earlier presumed. Posterior classification error was highest for subspecies, but was lowest for a set of 6 Operational Taxonomic Units that recognized C. elaphus-Olympic, C. elaphus-northern California and Oregon, C. elaphus-eastern Washington, C. elaphus-Rocky mountain and Cascade mountain, C. elaphus-Saskatchewan and Manitoba, and C. elaphus-centralCalifornia. Males and females differed in their sizes, shapes and affinities to other populations. Intracontinental differences in the kind and amount of sexual dimorphism reinforced the importance of measuring and contrasting male and female features in phylogeographic analyses. Use of existing nomenclature as a blind guide for comparative systematics and ecology and for conservation undermines the quality of research and conservation for C. elaphus in North America. Previous arguments for a single-species circumglobal cline do not take into account sexual dimorphism, behavior and reproduction. Major intercontinental differences do exist between clinal extremes in behavior, in cranial size and sexual dimorphism in addition to semilethal Fi hybridization. All suggest C. elaphus and North American Cervus are different species. Whether the transition is smooth, whether stepped transitions occur, and whether "canadensis" correctly represents the species' distribution need verification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the largest populations occur in the Rocky mountains, neighboring Canadian provinces, and north Pacific states, in other populations are restricted to protected sites. This restriction to protected sites has implications for most vertebrate species' survival (Schonewald-Cox et al 1983, Schonewald-Cox andBayless 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervus canadensis and C. elaphus : North American subspecies and evaluation of clinal extremes

Schonewald¹

1994

Acta Theriol.

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“…The practical application of this artificial dichotomy onto existing landscapes proves overly simplistic and unrealistic. The current debate about the ecological limitations of national parks stems from the difficulties of segregating out pieces of the landscape that are often intricately interconnected (Schonewald-Cox and Bayless, 1986;Western and Gichohi, 1993). The limitations of neat demarcation are well exemplified by the Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem of northern Tanzania.…”

Section: Cbc In a Natural-social Landscape Of The Tarangire-manyara Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioned Nature, Privileged Knowledge: Community‐based Conservation in Tanzania

Goldman

2003

Development and Change

209

130

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Community Based Conservation (CBC) has become the catch-all solution to the social and ecological problems plaguing traditional top-down, protectionist conservation approaches. CBC has been particularly popular throughout Africa as a way to gain local support for wildlife conservation measures that have previously excluded local people and their development needs. This article shows that, despite the rhetoric of devolution and participation associated with new CBC models, conservation planning in Tanzania remains a top-down endeavour, with communities and their specialized socio-ecological knowledge delegated to the margins. In addition to the difficulties associated with the transfer of power from state to community hands, CBC also poses complex challenges to the culture or institution of conservation. Using the example of the Tarangire-Manyara ecosystem, the author shows how local knowledge and the complexities of ecological processes challenge the conventional zone-based conservation models, and argues that the insights of local Maasai knowledge claims could better reflect the ecological and social goals of the new CBC rhetoric.

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“…From the perspective of regional sustainable development, therefore, we suggest paying much more attention to transboundary issues for integrated land governance with a progressive plan. Based on previous research studies [81][82][83], we develop a robust theoretical framework to systematically examine the development processes. It metaphysically illustrates that ecological intercorrelation between regional and global scales through physical ecosystem flows and interactions with changes in regional characteristics can be effectively managed.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Land Governance for Eco-Urbanization

2016

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"Eco-urbanization" emphasizes the importance of the ecological and environmental aspects of urbanization, which is to approach a balanced and healthy ecosystem through paying attention to the ecological intercorrelation of many factors. This involves balancing the stocks and utilization of multi-resources and balancing the efficiency and equality of multi-resources allocation to improve the quality of life for both urban and rural areas. In this dynamic process, resource allocations are carried out at different administrative levels, which have posed challenges of developing an integrated approach for eco-urbanization. Due to interaction and intersection of ecological activities among adjacent regions, a complex ecosystem tends to be in a fluid catchment area with dynamic flows of activities that transcend rigid administrative boundaries. The management of ecosystem sensitively impinges on the effectiveness of having an integrated approach of land governance in a comprehensive planning of urban-rural development. This will require scientific findings to support a policy-oriented management approach, which can take account of land use/cover changes (LUCC), ecosystem services and functions, interactive impacts of socio-economic transformation and climatic variations for optimum land use allocation to achieve the objective of ecosystem conservation and socio-economic development for both urban and rural area in a sustainable approach. Three aspects of development are identified as the importance of achieving advanced land governance for eco-urbanization. This paper aims to discuss these in turn: first, to find the adaptive measures in response to the uncertainty of climatic variation; second, to understand and research the scale and level of sustainable consumption for balancing resource saving and consumption; and third, to study ecological intercorrelation among multiple factors. We, therefore, argue that the far insight of "economic growth" via an ecologically-centered approach based on scientific solutions of all three aspects and intergovernmental consultations is important to support land governance for eco-urbanization and to strike a balance between environmental conservation and economic development.

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The boundary model: A geographical analysis of design and conservation of nature reserves

Cited by 127 publications

References 13 publications

Cervus canadensis and C. elaphus : North American subspecies and evaluation of clinal extremes

Cervus canadensis and C. elaphus : North American subspecies and evaluation of clinal extremes

Partitioned Nature, Privileged Knowledge: Community‐based Conservation in Tanzania

Integrated Land Governance for Eco-Urbanization

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