The border between the central and the peripheral nervous system in the cat cochlear nerve: A light and scanning electron microscopical study

Osen, Kirsten K.; Furness, David N.; Hackney, Carole M.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2011.03.012

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…previously described expression of CB 2 protein receptor in the vestibular and cochlear nuclei of the brain in a rat model, suggesting that it could have an important role in the control of balance and hearing function [ 34 ]. As part of the peripheral nervous system [ 35 ], it is not surprising to find such a remarkable immunolabelling of CB 2 receptor in organ of Corti cells, although its functional role has still to be ascertained. Immunolabeling to CB 2 receptor resulted to be higher in the stria vascular of animals which received the chemotherapeutic, but no difference could be appreciate in the IHC of healthy and CDDP-treated animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) Expression in the Cochlea of Adult Albino Rat and Its Up-Regulation after Cisplatin Treatment

et al. 2016

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We provide evidence for the presence of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in some cellular types of the cochlea of the adult albino rat. Cannabinoids and their receptors are increasingly being studied because of their high potential for clinical use. As a hyperspecialized portion of the peripheral nervous system, study of the expression and function of cannabinoid receptors in the hearing organ is of high interest. Stria vascularis and inner hair cells express CB2 receptor, as well as neurites and cell bodies of the spiral ganglion. Cellular types such as supporting cells and outer hair cells, in which the expression of other types of functional receptors has been reported, do not significantly express CB2 receptors in this study. An up-regulation of CB2 gene expression was detected after an ototoxic event such as cisplatin treatment, probably due to pro-inflammatory events triggered by the drug. That fact suggests promising potential of CB2 receptor as a therapeutic target for new treatments to palliate cisplatin-induced hearing loss and other ototoxic events which triggers inflammatory pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) Expression in the Cochlea of Adult Albino Rat and Its Up-Regulation after Cisplatin Treatment

et al. 2016

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“…The cause of limitation of pathology to nerve roots in CISMP and CISP by a presumed immunologic process, without involvement of peripheral nerves, is unclear. We speculate that there may be antigenic targets that are exclusively located in the nerve roots and nerve root entry zone, which has unique morphology and possible distinct function . This transitional zone is present in both spinal and cranial nerves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We speculate that there may be antigenic targets that are exclusively located in the nerve roots and nerve root entry zone, which has unique morphology and possible distinct function. 19,20 This transitional zone is present in both spinal and cranial nerves. This concept may parallel the emerging evidence of nodo-paranodopathy as a possible key pathophysiology in immune-mediated neuropathies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy: Report of a case series

et al. 2019

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Introduction Chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy (CISMP) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) variant affecting both sensory and motor nerve roots without evidence of peripheral nerve demyelination. Methods We report a case series of 9 patients with CISMP, identified from 2 tertiary centers. Clinical, electrodiagnostic, and neuroradiologic features, and treatment responses, were retrospectively reviewed. Results Patients presented with sensorimotor deficits and hypo‐/areflexia, predominantly involving lower extremities. Three had cranial nerve involvement. Electrodiagnostic findings in all patients localized to roots proximal to dorsal root ganglia, without evidence of peripheral nerve demyelination. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed an albuminocytologic association. Eight patients exhibited gadolinium enhancement and thickening of multiple spinal nerve roots and/or cranial nerves. All patients demonstrated good responses to immunotherapies. Discussion CISMP is similar to CIDP in many aspects, but lacks typical electrodiagnostic findings of peripheral nerve demyelination. It is important to recognize this unusual and treatable entity. Muscle Nerve 59:658–664, 2019

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“…In patients with a closed head injury even without temporal bone fractures, damage to auditory neurons is observed primarily and/or secondarily following HC damage 36 – 42 . Clinically, cases in which the auditory nerve is damaged without damage to HCs are most suitable for cell transplantation because the HCs can provide trophic support, as mentioned above ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 ). The TZ is vulnerable to external stretch and shear forces probably because there is an abrupt anatomical change at this point; central to the TZ, myelin sheaths are formed by oligodendrocytes, and the supporting tissue is astrocytic, whilst peripheral to the TZ, the sheaths are SCs enveloped in endoneurium, although the axons are continuous 3 , 39 . HC damage in closed head injury may occur due to a breach of the sealing of the membranous labyrinth and/or impairment of blood supply to the cochlea 42 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Transplantation to Restore Lost Auditory Nerve Function is a Realistic Clinical Opportunity

Sekiya

Holley

2021

Cell Transplant

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Hearing is one of our most important means of communication. Disabling hearing loss (DHL) is a long-standing, unmet problem in medicine, and in many elderly people, it leads to social isolation, depression, and even dementia. Traditionally, major efforts to cure DHL have focused on hair cells (HCs). However, the auditory nerve is also important because it transmits electrical signals generated by HCs to the brainstem. Its function is critical for the success of cochlear implants as well as for future therapies for HC regeneration. Over the past two decades, cell transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for restoring lost auditory nerve function, and two independent studies on animal models show that cell transplantation can lead to functional recovery. In this article, we consider the approaches most likely to achieve success in the clinic. We conclude that the structure and biochemical integrity of the auditory nerve is critical and that it is important to preserve the remaining neural scaffold, and in particular the glial scar, for the functional integration of donor cells. To exploit the natural, autologous cell scaffold and to minimize the deleterious effects of surgery, donor cells can be placed relatively easily on the surface of the nerve endoscopically. In this context, the selection of donor cells is a critical issue. Nevertheless, there is now a very realistic possibility for clinical application of cell transplantation for several different types of hearing loss.

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The border between the central and the peripheral nervous system in the cat cochlear nerve: A light and scanning electron microscopical study

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Spontaneous Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) Expression in the Cochlea of Adult Albino Rat and Its Up-Regulation after Cisplatin Treatment

Spontaneous Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) Expression in the Cochlea of Adult Albino Rat and Its Up-Regulation after Cisplatin Treatment

Chronic immune sensorimotor polyradiculopathy: Report of a case series

Cell Transplantation to Restore Lost Auditory Nerve Function is a Realistic Clinical Opportunity

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