The Boom in 3D-Printed Sensor Technology

Xu, Yuanyuan; Xiao-yue, WU; Guo, Xiao; Kong, Bin; Zhang, Min; Xiang, Qing; Mi, Shengli; Sun, Wei

doi:10.3390/s17051166

Cited by 252 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…As shown in Table 1, Au electrodes of various size and form factor have been used for pathogen detection. The use of complex masks and programmable tool paths with lithographic and 3D printing processes, respectively, also enable the fabrication of complex electrode geometries (Cesewski et al 2018;Xu et al 2017). In addition to complex form factor, lithographic processes, 3D printing processes, and assembly operations also enable the fabrication of electrode arrays through electrode patterning (Hintsche et al 1994).…”

Section: Electrode Form Factor and Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection

Cesewski

Johnson

2020

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

555

358

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A B S T R A C TRecent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are reviewed. Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are broadly reviewed in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition elements, electrochemical techniques, and biosensor performance. Transduction elements are discussed in terms of electrode material and form factor. Biorecognition elements for pathogen detection, including antibodies, aptamers, and imprinted polymers, are discussed in terms of availability, production, and immobilization approach. Emerging areas of electrochemical biosensor design are reviewed, including electrode modification and transducer integration. Measurement formats for pathogen detection are classified in terms of sample preparation and secondary binding steps. Applications of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of pathogens in food and water safety, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and bio-threat applications are highlighted. Future directions and challenges of electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are discussed, including wearable and conformal biosensors, detection of plant pathogens, multiplexed detection, reusable biosensors for process monitoring applications, and low-cost, disposable biosensors.

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Section: Electrode Form Factor and Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection

Cesewski

Johnson

2020

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

555

358

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“…Printed electronics especially sensors manufactured with 3D printing technology [204,205] have drawn much attention in recent years. There is also potential to use machine learning to optimize sensors response and this may be particularity important for multifunctional sensors which have a wide range complex inputs from a variety of stimuli.…”

Section: Wwwadvmattechnoldementioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Multifunctional Sensors for Wearable and Robotic Applications

Xie

Hisano

Zhu

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

237

172

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This review provides an overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art of the emerging field of flexible multifunctional sensors for wearable and robotic applications. In these application sectors, there is a demand for high sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, mechanical flexibility, and low cost. The ability to empower robots and future electronic skin (e‐skin) with high resolution, high sensitivity, and rapid response sensing capabilities is of interest to a broad range of applications including wearable healthcare devices, biomedical prosthesis, and human–machine interacting robots such as service robots for the elderly and electronic skin to provide a range of diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. A range of sensory mechanisms is examined including piezoelectric, pyroelectric, piezoresistive, and there is particular emphasis on hybrid sensors that provide multifunctional sensing capability. As an alternative to the physical sensors described above, optical sensors have the potential to be used as a robot or e‐skin; this includes sensory color changes using photonic crystals, liquid crystals, and mechanochromic effects. Potential future areas of research are discussed and the challenge for these exciting materials is to enhance their integration into wearables and robotic applications.

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“…Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a fabrication method in which a 3D object is built by depositing material(s) layer by layer. 3D printing has recently become increasingly popular in both the marketplace and academic circles, with a wide range of applications . One of the main applications of this manufacturing method is rapid prototyping of partially or fully functional parts or devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling of tissues by 3D printing is growing, although the radiological properties of 3D printing materials must be critically evaluated for QA or dosimetry applications in radiology or radiation oncology . There are also many applications of 3D printing in sensor technology, including pressure sensors, tactile sensors, displacement sensors, accelerometers, magnetic field sensors, electromagnetic sensors and many others …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing for rapid prototyping of low‐Z/density ionization chamber arrays

et al. 2019

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Purpose To explore 3D printing for rapid development of prototype thin slab low‐Z/density ionization chamber arrays viable for custom needs in radiotherapy dosimetry and quality assurance (QA). Materials and methods We designed and fabricated parallel plate ionization chambers and ionization chamber arrays using an off‐the‐shelf 3D printing equipment. Conductive components of the detectors were made of conductive polylactic acid (cPLA) and insulating components were made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). We characterized the detector responses using a Varian TrueBeam linac at 95 cm SSD in slab solid water phantom at 5 cm depth. We measured the current‐voltage (IV) curves, the response to different energy beam lines (2.5 MV, 6 MV, 6 MV FFF) for various dose rates and compared them to responses of a commercial Exradin A12 ionization chamber. We measured off‐axis ratio (OAR) for several small field static multi‐leaf collimators field sizes (0.5–3 cm) and compared them to OAR data obtained for commissioning of stereotactic radiotherapy. Results We identified the printing capability and the limitations of a low‐cost off‐the‐shelf 3D printer for rapid prototyping of detector arrays. The design of the array with sub‐millimeter size features conformed to the 3D printing capabilities. IV‐curve for the array showed a strong polarity effect (8%) due to the design. Results for the parallel plate and the array compared well with A12 chamber: monitor unit (MU) dependence for the array was within a few % and the response to different energy beam lines was within 1%. Off‐axis dose profiles measured with the array were comparable to dose profiles obtained in water tank and stereotactic diode after accounting for the size of the chambers. Dose error was within 2% at the center of the profile and slightly larger at the penumbra. Conclusions Rapid prototyping of ion chambers by means of low‐cost 3D printing is feasible with certain limitations in the design and spatial accuracy of the printed details.

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The Boom in 3D-Printed Sensor Technology

Cited by 252 publications

References 135 publications

Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection

Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection

Flexible Multifunctional Sensors for Wearable and Robotic Applications

3D printing for rapid prototyping of low‐Z/density ionization chamber arrays

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