The Bony Labyrinth of the New-Born Infant and of the Adult: A Comparative Study

Tremble, G. Edward

doi:10.1001/archotol.1929.00620030189006

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…These results confirm similar observations reported by Siebenmann (1890), Schönemann (1906) and Sato et al. (1991, 1993), but contradict previous suggestions that canal size and cochlea height increase postnatally (Hyrtl, 1845; Tremble, 1929; Turkewitsch, 1930). In fact, with respect to cochlear growth we find that it is this structure which perhaps first attains adult size at around 16–17 weeks gestation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Comparisons of the actual morphology of the fetal, juvenile and adult labyrinth in humans have been made largely based on corrosion casts, a technique that limits the fetal period that is assessed to after the ossification of the otic capsule. Hyrtl (1845) concluded that the semicircular canals show a constant increase in length, even in later periods of adult life, and Tremble (1929) came to the same conclusion for the postnatal period. By contrast, Siebenmann (1890) and Schönemann (1906) did not find any postnatal changes in labyrinthine morphology, including the size of the canals.…”

Section: Ontogeny Of the Human Labyrinthmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, some studies report that late fetal and neonatal labyrinths are morphologically similar to adult ones (Siebenmann, 1890; Schönemann, 1906). Others nevertheless maintain that temporal changes do occur well into adulthood (Hyrtl, 1845; Tremble, 1929; Sercer & Krmpotic, 1958). These contradictory views are based on samples that are limited in size and age range, and observations that are not tested statistically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal growth and development of the modern human labyrinth

2004

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The modern human bony labyrinth is morphologically distinct from that of all other primates, showing derived features linked with vestibular function and the overall shape of the cranial base. However, little is known of how this unique morphology emerges prenatally. This study examines in detail the developing fetal human labyrinth, both to document this basic aspect of cranial biology, and more specifically, to gain insight into the ontogenetic basis of its phylogenetically derived morphology. Forty-one post-mortem human fetuses, ranging from 9 to 29 weeks gestation, were investigated with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Quantitative analyses of the labyrinthine morphology revealed a number of interesting age-related trends. In addition, our findings show that: (1) the prenatal labyrinth attains an adult equivalent size between 17 and 19 weeks gestation; (2) within the period investigated, shape changes to all or most of the labyrinth cease after the 17-19-week size maturation point or after the otic capsule ossifies; (3) fetal cochlea development correlates with the surrounding petrosal morphology, but not with the midline basicranium; (4) gestational age-related rotations of the ampullae and cochlea relative to the lateral canal, and posterior canal torsion are similar to documented phylogenetic trends whereas other trends remain distinct. Findings are discussed in terms of the ontogenetic processes and mechanisms that most likely led, in part, to the emergence of the phylogenetically derived adult modern human labyrinth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Ontogeny Of the Human Labyrinthmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal growth and development of the modern human labyrinth

2004

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“…Findings from the current study suggest there is a subtle size change after birth. The longer anterior canal corroborates other reports of differences in size due to lengthening of the canals with increases as much as 3 mm (Tremble, 1929). However, Daocai et al (2014) measured the length and width of each canal in young children (<7 years) as well as adults and found no statistically significant differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Pairs of contralateral canals are mostly parallel to each other, but with deviations up to 12° (Blanks et al, 1985). Additionally, the SCCs do not lie in a single plane, but rather exhibit out‐of‐plane deviations, or torsion, that are thought to increase the sensitivity of the canal by broadening the range of planes of angular acceleration that can stimulate endolymphatic flow (Muren et al, 1986; Tremble, 1929). Notably, however, the anatomical plane of the canal and the plane of maximal response are not the same, differing on average by 10° (Rabbitt, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human semicircular canal form: Ontogenetic changes and variation of shape and size

Cárdenas-Serna

Jeffery

2021

Journal of Anatomy

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The semicircular canals (SCCs) transduce angular acceleration of the head into neuronal signals, and their morphology has been used to infer function. Once formed, the bony labyrinth, that surrounds the canals, is tightly regulated and has a very low bone turnover. However, relaxed postnatal inhibition of bone remodelling later in ontogeny may allow for some organised adjustments of shape and size or for greater stochastic variation. In the present study, we test the hypotheses that after birth, the shape and size of the bony canal changes or becomes more variable, or both. We study microCT scans of human perinatal and adult temporal bones using a combination of geometric morphometric analysis and cross‐sectional measures. Results revealed marginal differences of size (<5%), of cross‐sectional shape and of measurement variability. Geometry of the three canals together and their cross‐sectional areas were, however, indistinguishable between perinates and adults. These mixed findings are indicative of diminutive levels of relaxed inhibition superimposed over a constrained template of SCC morphology.

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Roentgenographic evaluation of temporal bones from South Dakota Indian burials

Gregg

Steele

Holzhueter

1965

American J Phys Anthropol

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To complement a previous study relating to ear disease in temporal bones from South Dakota Indian burials, radiographs were made looking for altered mastoid development suggesting the presence of infections during the period of their growth. Infection has been implicated as a causative, accentuating, or precipitating factor in the disease otosclerosis. Theories relating to the development of the mastoids are discussed and a pertinent bibliography is presented. In total 417 temporal bones were examined. Of these 251 representing 130 individuals were from Arikara burials, and 166 representing 91 individuals, were from Middle Plains Woodland people, Sioux Historic, and other miscellaneous burials. One hundred eleven Arikara temporal bones (44%) showed evidence of altered pneumatization (diploic‐10, sclerotic‐13, mixed‐88), while 86 other culture temporal bones (51.8%) demonstrated similar changes (diploic‐4, sclerotic‐13, mixed‐69). Unilateral and bilateral variable air cell patterns were found. There was no age, sex, or ear lateralization of air cell patterns. No evidence of the effect of cholesteatoma, cancer, surgery, or other bone disease was found. These findings suggest that the people represented by these skulls must have had a significant amount of infectious middle ear disease during the period of the development of their mastoids.

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The Bony Labyrinth of the New-Born Infant and of the Adult: A Comparative Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Prenatal growth and development of the modern human labyrinth

Prenatal growth and development of the modern human labyrinth

Human semicircular canal form: Ontogenetic changes and variation of shape and size

Roentgenographic evaluation of temporal bones from South Dakota Indian burials

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