The bone morphogenetic protein family: multifunctional cellular regulators in the embryo and adult

Abstract

Eur J Oral Sci /998: /06 (supp/1 ): 160 166 Pn nred in £., K I II rights resen ed The bone morphogenetic protein family: multifunctional cellular regulators in the embryo and adult Wo=ne;. J M: The hone morphogenetic protein family: multifunctional cellular regulators in the embryo and adult. Eur J Oral Sci 1998; 106 ( suppl 1 ): 160 166. ~ Eur J Oral Sci, l998Originally identified as the active components within osteoinductive extracts derived from bone, the BMPs now are known to include a large family of proteins within the TGF-P superfamily of growth and diiTerentiation factors . 1embers of the BMP family have been determined to be key signaling molecules in embryogenesis, in pecies ranging from Drosophila to human ·. They are involved in delivering positional information, the development of hard ti ·sues (both bones and teeth) , as well a soft ti sue types. When implanted mto adult animals, severa l of the BMPs have been shown to initiate the complex cellular process resulting in the induction of bone through both the endochondral and intramembranous bone formation pathway . Preclinical tudie have shown the ability of the e factors to induce bone and heal large bony detects in a variety of models relevant to clinical problems in orthopedics, as well as the oral and maxillofacial/dental area '. I'or example, implantation of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) has been shown to augment the alveolar ridge in several animal models, and when placed in a periodontal environment to re ·tore not only new bone, but also the attachment tissues. Results from ongoing clinical studies support the ability of rhBMP-2 implants to induce physiologic bone.

Effect of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 on Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in Hepatic Carcinoma SMMC7721 Cells through the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway

“…BMPs are subject to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. They participate in the biological processes of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of many cells (Wozney, 1998). BMPs are mainly synthesized and secreted by osteoblasts, and have more than 20 subtypes among which BMP-2 is a critical bone formation regulatory factor (Date et al, 2004).…”

Local immunomodulation with CD4 and CD8 antibodies, but not cyclosporine A, improves osteogenesis induced by ADhBMP9 gene therapy

“…At present, more than 30 BMPs have been discovered. 1 Some members of the BMP family are also known as osteogenic proteins (OPs), growth/differentiation factors (GDFs), and cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins (CDMPs). 2 Some BMPs have significant osteogenic potential in vitro and in vivo; indeed, BMP-2 has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in spinal fusion procedures in humans.…”

BMP treatment for improving tendon repair Studies on rat and rabbit Achilles tendons

“…Members of the BMP family have been determined to be key signalling molecules in embryogenesis, in species ranging from Drosophila to humans (Wozney 1998). Studies of the expression pattern of different BMPs as well as the analysis of spontaneously mutated or genetically depleted mice have demonstrated a broad range of functions apart from bone induction.…”

“…The history of BMP began with Urist (Urist 1965), who made the key discovery that demineralized, lyophilized segments of bone induced new bone formation when implanted in muscle pouches in rabbits. There are now several related BMPs known that initiate bone through endochondral as well as intramembraneous bone formation pathways (Wozney 1998) (Table 2).…”