The Bolometric Bond Albedo of Enceladus

Li, Liming; Guan, Larry; Li, Sherry; Luu, Cindy; Heng, Kevin; Fry, P. M.; Creecy, Ellen C.; Wang, Xinyue; Albright, Ronald; G., Thishan D. Karandana; Jiang, Xun; West, Robert A.; Nixon, C. A.; Kenyon, M.; Hendrix, Amanda; Dyudina, Ulyana A.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115429

Cited by 2 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…This is due to several advantages they offer, such as better coverage of wavelength and viewing geometry. These advantages have been previously discussed in our studies 11 , 26 , 28 .…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The absorbed power is controlled by the Bond albedo, which is further determined by the full-disk reflectance (i.e., the ratio between the reflected solar radiance and the incoming solar radiance of the full disk for a planet) 26 . As discussed in the Methods (see subsection “Observations of Saturn’s Full-disk Reflectance”), the measurements of Saturn’s Bond albedo are mainly based on the observations recorded by the two instruments onboard the Cassini spacecraft (i.e., ISS and VIMS).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure S9 shows an example of calibrated ISS global images recorded by the RED filter. The calibrated radiance at each pixel of the global image is multiplied by the projected area of the pixel over Saturn’s surface and then summed over all pixels in the disk to obtain the full-disk reflected spectral intensity 26 . The reference spectral intensity, based on the modified SSI, is multiplied by the total area of Saturn’s disk to obtain the reference full-disk solar spectral radiance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reference spectral intensity, based on the modified SSI, is multiplied by the total area of Saturn’s disk to obtain the reference full-disk solar spectral radiance. Then, Saturn’s full-disk reflectance can be computed by dividing the observed reflected spectral intensity by the reference solar spectral intensity 26 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Fig. 8 , we can integrate the full-disk reflectance over phase angle to get the monochromatic Bond albedo (i.e., Bond albedo at each wavelength) 26 , which is shown in Fig. S21 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cassini spacecraft reveals global energy imbalance of saturn

Wang,

Li,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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The global energy budget is pivotal to understanding planetary evolution and climate behaviors. Assessing the energy budget of giant planets, particularly those with large seasonal cycles, however, remains a challenge without long-term observations. Evolution models of Saturn cannot explain its estimated Bond albedo and internal heat flux, mainly because previous estimates were based on limited observations. Here, we analyze the long-term observations recorded by the Cassini spacecraft and find notably higher Bond albedo (0.41 ± 0.02) and internal heat flux (2.84 ± 0.20 Wm−2) values than previous estimates. Furthermore, Saturn’s global energy budget is not in a steady state and exhibits significant dynamical imbalances. The global radiant energy deficit at the top of the atmosphere, indicative of the planetary cooling of Saturn, reveals remarkable seasonal fluctuations with a magnitude of 16.0 ± 4.2%. Further analysis of the energy budget of the upper atmosphere including the internal heat suggests seasonal energy imbalances at both global and hemispheric scales, contributing to the development of giant convective storms on Saturn. Similar seasonal variabilities of planetary cooling and energy imbalance exist in other giant planets within and beyond the Solar System, a prospect currently overlooked in existing evolutional and atmospheric models.

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“…This is due to several advantages they offer, such as better coverage of wavelength and viewing geometry. These advantages have been previously discussed in our studies 11 , 26 , 28 .…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Fig. 8 , we can integrate the full-disk reflectance over phase angle to get the monochromatic Bond albedo (i.e., Bond albedo at each wavelength) 26 , which is shown in Fig. S21 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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