The Body Scan and Mindful Breathing Among Veterans with PTSD: Type of Intervention Moderates the Relationship Between Changes in Mindfulness and Post-treatment Depression

Colgan, Dana Dharmakaya; Christopher, Michael; Paul, M.; Wahbeh, Helané

doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0453-0

Cited by 52 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Regarding the distinct benefit of the different formal exercises, dismantling studies are needed. The mainly positive evaluations of the sitting meditation and body scan in our study are in line with a study that demonstrated both of these exercises to be superior to slow breathing and sitting quietly (Colgan et al, 2016 ). Whether yoga really is unsuitable for PTSD patients, as our qualitative results may suggest, or the reported problems resulted from the teaching style of this specific instructor is difficult to answer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) as a Standalone Intervention for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Mixed Traumatic Events: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study

Müller‐Engelmann

Wünsch²,

Volk

et al. 2017

Front. Psychol.

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Objectives: There is promising evidence that mindfulness-based interventions are effective in reducing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, until now, studies have often lacked a full clinical PTSD assessment, and interventions are often administered in addition to other interventions. This study examined the feasibility of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) as a standalone intervention in patients with PTSD who have experienced mixed traumatic events.Method: Fourteen patients participated in 8 weeks of MBSR. The patients were assessed prior to treatment, post-treatment and at a 1-month follow-up through self-ratings (e.g., the Davidson Trauma Scale) and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale to determine the effects of the intervention. Furthermore, after the intervention, the patients participated in qualitative interviews regarding their experiences with MBSR and their ideas for future improvements.Results: Nine patients finished the program, and these patients considered the exercises to be applicable and helpful. In the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, we found large effects regarding the reduction of PTSD symptoms among completers (Cohen's d = 1.2). In the Davidson Trauma Scale, the effect sizes were somewhat lower (Cohen's d = 0.6) but nevertheless confirmed the efficacy of MBSR in reducing PTSD symptoms. In the qualitative interviews, the patients reported an augmentation of wellbeing and improvement regarding the handling of difficult situations and more distance from the traumatic event.Conclusion: Despite the large effects, the high dropout rates and the results of the post-treatment interviews suggest that the intervention should be better adapted to the needs of PTSD patients, e.g., by giving more information regarding the exercises and by including shorter exercises to manage acute distress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) as a Standalone Intervention for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Mixed Traumatic Events: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study

Müller‐Engelmann

Wünsch²,

Volk

et al. 2017

Front. Psychol.

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“…Moreover, the results provide a starting point for future clinical applications of meditation. Other studies have already shown the relationship between specific facets of mindfulness and specific psychological symptoms, such as depressive, anxious, and stressrelated symptomatology (Cash & Whittingham, 2010;Colgan, Christopher, Michael, & Wahbeh, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Exploring relations among mindfulness facets and various meditation practices: Do they work in different ways?

Cebolla

Campos

Galiana

et al. 2017

Consciousness and Cognition

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a b s t r a c tSeveral meditation practices are associated with mindfulness-based interventions but little is known about their specific effects on the development of different mindfulness facets. This study aimed to assess the relations among different practice variables, types of meditation, and mindfulness facets. The final sample was composed of 185 participants who completed an on-line survey, including information on the frequency and duration of each meditation practice, lifetime practice, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes structural model was specified, estimated, and tested.Results showed that the Model's overall fit was adequate: v 2 (1045) = 1542.800 (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.042. Results revealed that mindfulness facets were uniquely related to the different variables and types of meditation. Our findings showed the importance of specific practices in promoting mindfulness, compared to compassion and informal practices, and they pointed out which one fits each mindfulness facet better.

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“…Two recent studies have found increased nonreactivity predicted improvements in veterans with PTSD. Colgan et al 66 found that for veterans with PTSD who engaged in a mindful breathing practice, change in nonreactivity predicted posttreatment depression. Stephenson et al 67 found that increased nonreactivity following MBSR was independently associated with improved PTSD symptoms among veterans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Study of Mindfulness Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Practices Differentially Affect Symptoms, Aspects of Well-Being, and Potential Mechanisms of Action

Colgan

Wahbeh

Pleet

et al. 2017

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med

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This qualitative study explored and compared the subjective experiences of 102 veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 arms: (a) body scan, (b) mindful breathing, (c) slow breathing, or (d) sitting quietly. Qualitative data were obtained via semistructured interviews following the intervention and analyzed using conventional content analysis. The percentage of participants within each intervention who endorsed a specific theme was calculated. Two-proportion z tests were then calculated to determine if the differences among themes endorsed in specific groups were statistically significant. Six core themes emerged from analysis of participant responses across the 4 groups: (a) enhanced present moment awareness, (b) increased nonreactivity, (c) increased nonjudgmental acceptance, (d) decreased physiological arousal and stress reactivity, (e) increased active coping skills, and (f) greater relaxation. More participants in the mindfulness intervention groups reported improvement in PTSD symptoms when compared to participants in non-mindfulness groups. Different types of intervention targeted different symptoms and aspects of well-being. Furthermore, type of intervention may have also differentially targeted potential mechanisms of action. This article highlights the importance of employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods when investigating the dynamic process of mindfulness and may inform how practices can be tailored to the needs of the veteran with PTSD.

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The Body Scan and Mindful Breathing Among Veterans with PTSD: Type of Intervention Moderates the Relationship Between Changes in Mindfulness and Post-treatment Depression

Cited by 52 publications

References 61 publications

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) as a Standalone Intervention for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Mixed Traumatic Events: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) as a Standalone Intervention for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Mixed Traumatic Events: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study

Exploring relations among mindfulness facets and various meditation practices: Do they work in different ways?

A Qualitative Study of Mindfulness Among Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Practices Differentially Affect Symptoms, Aspects of Well-Being, and Potential Mechanisms of Action

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