The Bode hydrological observatory: a platform for integrated, interdisciplinary hydro-ecological research within the TERENO Harz/Central German Lowland Observatory

Wollschläger, Ute; Attinger, Sabine; Borchardt, Dietrich; Brauns, Mario; Cuntz, Matthias; Dietrich, Peter; Fleckenstein, Jan H.; Friese, Kurt; Friesen, Jan; Alexander, Heather D.; Hildebrandt, Anke; Jäckel, Greta; Kamjunke, Norbert; Knöller, Kay; Kögler, Simon; Kolditz, Olaf; Krieg, R.; Kumar, Rohini; Lausch, Angela; Liess, Matthias; Marx, Andréas; Merz, Ralf; Mueller, Christin; Musolff, Andreas; Norf, Helge; Oswald, Sascha E.; Rebmann, Corinna; Reinstorf, Frido; Rode, Michael; Rink, Karsten; Rinke, Karsten; Samaniego, Luis; Vieweg, Michael; Vogel, Hans‐Jörg; Weitere, Markus; Werban, Ulrike; Zink, Matthias; Zacharias, Steffen

doi:10.1007/s12665-016-6327-5

Cited by 100 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Robinson et al (2012) conducted EMI measurements on 9 occasions within 5 months in a small forested catchment with contrasting soil textures. Similar to the finding of Western et al (2003), they found that two distinct patterns are present in the ECa and modeled θ maps: in the wet state, the spatial pattern of ECa correlated well with the spatial pattern of clay content, which, in turn, correlated well with θ, whilst the pattern in the dry state shows a smaller degree of organization and reasonable uniformity in θ across the catchment. They proposed a differencing approach to estimate θ from ECa, which improved the correlation from R 2 = 0.28 to R 2 = 0.48.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Callegary et al (2007Callegary et al ( , 2012) discussed this concept using a forward model of electromagnetic field propagation, and found that the sensitivity of any EMI sensor, as well as the depth of investigation, can differ significantly from those suggested by McNeil (1980). Nevertheless, it appears clear that the final ECa reading of any EMI device is a complex physicochemical measurement which results from the propagation of the EM field within the volume of investigation and its interaction with stable and transient soil properties and/or states, and that the effective measurement depth and volume of investigation of an EMI sensor may vary at different times and locations (Sudduth et al, 2001;Corwin and Lesch, 2005;Farahani et al, 2005;Callegary et al, 2007;Corwin et al, 2008;Werban et al, 2009;Zhu et al, 2010;Robinson et al, 2012;Callegary et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated electromagnetic induction measurements for mapping soil moisture at the field scale: validation with data from a wireless soil moisture monitoring network

Martini

Werban

Zacharias

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements are widely used for soil mapping, as they allow fast and relatively low-cost surveys of soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). Although the use of non-invasive EMI for imaging spatial soil properties is very attractive, the dependence of ECa on several factors challenges any interpretation with respect to individual soil properties or states such as soil moisture (θ ). The major aim of this study was to further investigate the potential of repeated EMI measurements to map θ , with particular focus on the temporal variability of the spatial patterns of ECa and θ . To this end, we compared repeated EMI measurements with high-resolution θ data from a wireless soil moisture and soil temperature monitoring network for an extensively managed hillslope area for which soil properties and θ dynamics are known. For the investigated site, (i) ECa showed small temporal variations whereas θ varied from very dry to almost saturation, (ii) temporal changes of the spatial pattern of ECa differed from those of the spatial pattern of θ , and (iii) the ECa-θ relationship varied with time. Results suggest that (i) depending upon site characteristics, stable soil properties can be the major control of ECa measured with EMI, and (ii) for soils with low clay content, the influence of θ on ECa may be confounded by changes of the electrical conductivity of the soil solution. Further, this study discusses the complex interplay between factors controlling ECa and θ , and the use of EMI-based ECa data with respect to hydrological applications.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated electromagnetic induction measurements for mapping soil moisture at the field scale: validation with data from a wireless soil moisture monitoring network

Martini

Werban

Zacharias

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…This topographic gradient coincides with gradients of climate, geology, soil and land use pressures (Wollschlager et al, 2016). Long-term mean annual precipitation and temperature in the Bode catchment ranges from 1700 mm and 5 • C in the Harz mountains to 500 mm and 9.5 • C in the lowland area, with the lowest and highest temperatures in January and July, respectively, (Wollschlager et al, 2016). The Selke tributary catchment (456 km 2 ) was selected for study here as it encompasses the different combinations of land use and lithology present in the Bode catchment and it has been intensively monitored since 2010.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 68%

“…), to the central German lowlands, a flat and fertile area dedicated to arable agriculture (altitude around 100 m a.s.l.). This topographic gradient coincides with gradients of climate, geology, soil and land use pressures (Wollschlager et al, 2016). Long-term mean annual precipitation and temperature in the Bode catchment ranges from 1700 mm and 5 • C in the Harz mountains to 500 mm and 9.5 • C in the lowland area, with the lowest and highest temperatures in January and July, respectively, (Wollschlager et al, 2016).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 71%

Carbon and nutrient export regimes from headwater catchments to downstream reaches

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Excessive amounts of nutrients and dissolved organic matter in freshwater bodies affect aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability in nitrate (NO − 3 ), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was analyzed in the Selke (Germany) river continuum from three headwaters draining 1-3 km 2 catchments to two downstream reaches representing spatially integrated signals from 184-456 km 2 catchments. Three headwater catchments were selected as archetypes of the main landscape units (land use × lithology) present in the Selke catchment. Export regimes in headwater catchments were interpreted in terms of NO − 3 , DOC and SRP land-to-stream transfer processes. Headwater signals were subtracted from downstream signals, with the differences interpreted in terms of in-stream processes and contributions from point sources. The seasonal dynamics for NO − 3 were opposite those of DOC and SRP in all three headwater catchments, and spatial differences also showed NO − 3 contrasting with DOC and SRP. These dynamics were interpreted as the result of the interplay of hydrological and biogeochemical processes, for which riparian zones were hypothesized to play a determining role. In the two downstream reaches, NO − 3 was transported almost conservatively, whereas DOC was consumed and produced in the upper and lower river sections, respectively. The natural export regime of SRP in the three headwater catchments mimicked a point-source signal (high SRP during summer low flow), which may lead to overestimation of domestic contributions in the downstream reaches. Monitoring the river continuum from headwaters to downstream reaches proved effective to jointly investigate land-to-stream and instream transport, and transformation processes.

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“…They range from spectral analyses of forest species to terrestrial wireless sensor networks as summarized in Figure 2 and Table 2. [18], (d) Automated plant phenomics facilities (e) Field-spectrometer measurements, (f) Wireless sensor networks-WSN, (g) One sensor node of the WSN (graphic, photo (f,g)) by Jan Bumberger and Hannes Mollenhauer), (h) instrumentation of the Hohes Holz forest site (modified by Wöllschläger et al [19] (i) tower with different RS instruments, (j) mobile crane with RS measurement platform (modified after Clasen et al [20]). Close-range investigations are conducted to determine the spectral responses of FH traits and to derive meaningful models from them (see Table 2).…”

Section: Trends In Close-range Rs Approaches For Assessing Fhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Forest Health with Remote Sensing-Part II—A Review of Approaches and Data Models

et al. 2017

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Stress in forest ecosystems (FES) occurs as a result of land-use intensification, disturbances, resource limitations or unsustainable management, causing changes in forest health (FH) at various scales from the local to the global scale. Reactions to such stress depend on the phylogeny of forest species or communities and the characteristics of their impacting drivers and processes. There are many approaches to monitor indicators of FH using in-situ forest inventory and experimental studies, but they are generally limited to sample points or small areas, as well as being time-and labour-intensive. Long-term monitoring based on forest inventories provides valuable information about changes and trends of FH. However, abrupt short-term changes cannot sufficiently be assessed through in-situ forest inventories as they usually have repetition periods of multiple years. Furthermore, numerous FH indicators monitored in in-situ surveys are based on expert judgement. Remote sensing (RS) technologies offer means to monitor FH indicators in an effective, repetitive and comparative way. This paper reviews techniques that are currently used for monitoring, including close-range RS, airborne and satellite approaches. The implementation of optical, RADAR and LiDAR RS-techniques to assess spectral traits/spectral trait variations (ST/STV) is described in detail. We found that ST/STV can be used to record indicators of FH based on RS. Therefore, the ST/STV approach provides a framework to develop a standardized monitoring concept for FH indicators using RS techniques that is applicable to future monitoring programs. It is only through linking in-situ and RS approaches that we will be able to improve our understanding of the relationship between stressors, and the associated spectral responses in order to develop robust FH indicators.

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The Bode hydrological observatory: a platform for integrated, interdisciplinary hydro-ecological research within the TERENO Harz/Central German Lowland Observatory

Cited by 100 publications

References 87 publications

Repeated electromagnetic induction measurements for mapping soil moisture at the field scale: validation with data from a wireless soil moisture monitoring network

Repeated electromagnetic induction measurements for mapping soil moisture at the field scale: validation with data from a wireless soil moisture monitoring network

Carbon and nutrient export regimes from headwater catchments to downstream reaches

Understanding Forest Health with Remote Sensing-Part II—A Review of Approaches and Data Models

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