The Boats of East Pakistan a Preliminary Study

GREENHILL, BASIL; Hill, Cicely

doi:10.1080/00253359.1957.10658336

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Closer to the two endposts, planks have scorch marks on their inner surface (Fig. b), which might indicate bending through a heating process, known as ‘char‐bending’ (Greenhill, : 115; de Zeeuw, : 154). Similar char‐bending traces were also found in Dor shipwrecks (Dor D, Tantura A, Dor 2001/1, Dor 2006, Tantura F, Tantura E) and in Yenikapı (YK 1, YK 3, YK 5, YK 11, YK 14, YK 17, YK 23) (Wachsmann et al ., : 6; Steffy, : 403; Kahanov et al ., : 118; Kocabaş, : 163, 171; Türkmenoğlu, ; Kahanov and Mor, : 49, 51; Jones, : 261; Ingram, : 115).…”

Section: The Hull Remainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maʻagan Mikhael B, Israel: a preliminary report of a Late Byzantine–Early Islamic period shipwreck

Cohen

Cvikel

2018

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology

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The Maʻagan Mikhael B shipwreck was found in 1.5m of water, beneath 1.5m of sand, 70m off the Mediterranean coast of Israel. The hull remains are in a good state of preservation, comprising the endposts, aprons, framing timbers, hull planks, stringers, and bulkheads. The finds comprise rigging elements, wooden artefacts, organic finds, animal bones, glassware, coins, bricks, stones, ceramic sherds, and complete amphoras. The shipwreck was dated to the 7th–8th centuries AD; which makes it an exceptional source of information regarding various aspects of ship construction, seamanship, and seafaring in the area in Late Antiquity.

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Section: The Hull Remainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maʻagan Mikhael B, Israel: a preliminary report of a Late Byzantine–Early Islamic period shipwreck

Cohen

Cvikel

2018

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology

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“…Signs of charring were evident on the upper surfaces of StE1, StW1 and StE4. Apparently these markings are the result of bending through a heating process, known as ‘char‐bending’ (Greenhill, : 115). The north‐western end of StE1 was trimmed to fit the other converging stringers at this end where they touched the CLT.…”

Section: Hullmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 7th-9th Century Tantura E Shipwreck, Israel: construction and reconstruction

Israeli

Kahanov

2014

International Journal of Nautical Archaeology

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The Tantura E shipwreck was discovered in Tantura lagoon, Israel, in a water depth of 2.8 m, covered by 1 m of sand. It was a coaster that plied the Levant coast, dated to the 7th-9th centuries CE. It was recorded under water, but several components were studied on land, as well as the finds. The hull is of frame-based construction, with flat floor timbers and a sharp turn of the bilge. The archaeological evidence, as well as modern design tools and regulations, suggests that Tantura E was c.12.5 m long, of 25 tonnes displacement, and could load c.17.5 tonnes.

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“…Greenhill mentioned using the char-bending technique in fishing boat building in Japan in the 20th century, but gave no details [22]. In Bangladesh, char-bending was practised in building fishing boats [23]. In the same area, char-bending is practiced in the production of dug-out canoes to push out the sides of the boat [24].…”

Section: Shipwreck Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Char-Bending Technique in Shipwreck Planks

Bram

Me‐Bar

2023

Heritage

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Char-bending is a term used in marine archaeology literature to describe the process of shaping long hull components (planks, wales, stringers) by bending them over open fire, from Antiquity, up to modern times. Experiments were done on planks of two wood species with different cross-sections. The planks were heated over open fire while monitoring the internal temperature and charred layer thickness on the side of the plank facing the heat source. The results show that in order to reach the temperature inside the wood required for it to become pliable, the formation of a charred layer, an undesirable by-product, is unavoidable. It is explained why char-bending, in almost all cases, occurs on the concave side of the plank.

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The Boats of East Pakistan a Preliminary Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Maʻagan Mikhael B, Israel: a preliminary report of a Late Byzantine–Early Islamic period shipwreck

Maʻagan Mikhael B, Israel: a preliminary report of a Late Byzantine–Early Islamic period shipwreck

The 7th-9th Century Tantura E Shipwreck, Israel: construction and reconstruction

Understanding the Char-Bending Technique in Shipwreck Planks

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