The blood volume of infants

Sisson, Thomas R. C.; Whalen, Lorraine E.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(60)80287-9

Cited by 37 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…He also feels that the increased hematocrit of the donor blood is an advantage. High hematocrit blood in the form of packed cells (91) was used in 24 infants, and blood volume studies revealed absence of the red cell deficit usually found with whole blood. Fetal sepsis (92), and unexplained cardiac deaths (93) during exchange transfusion have been cited.…”

Section: Special Types Of Transfusion Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Therapeutics (Transfusions)

Finch¹

1959

Annu. Rev. Med.

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Section: Special Types Of Transfusion Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Therapeutics (Transfusions)

Finch¹

1959

Annu. Rev. Med.

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“…Increase in total blood volume can also be implicated. In a study done by Sisson et al [20] using azo dye T-1824 administration, they noted an increase not only in plasma volume but also in red cell volume immediately after birth, giving an increase of 20% total blood volume after the first hour. Although this increase in blood volume was transient, it could significantly affect the pulmonary blood flow and produce a change in rPA size.…”

Section: Right Fulmow Artery Diameter In Normalmentioning

confidence: 96%

Right Pulmonary Artery Measurements in Term and Preterm Neonates during the Early Newborn Period: Hemodynamic Correlation and Clinical Significance

Ortiz

Oguchi

Misawa

et al. 1984

Pediatrics International

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Right pulmonary artery (rPA) diameter was measured during the first hour of life, then during the next 23 hours, at 72 hours and at 120 hours in 62 normal term and 14 normal preterm neonates by M-mode echocardiography via the suprasternal notch. Left atrium (LA) and aortic (Ao) diameters were likewise determined from the standard parasternal view. Comparison was also made with rPA values of 34 patients with patent ductus arteriosus (26), persistent fetal circulation (6) and cyanotic congenital heart disease (2).In normal term babies, the mean rPA size changed significantly during the 4 periods of examination with diameters of 4.6 mm, 5.5 mm, 5.2 mm and 4.7 mm respectively. Among preterm babies, mean rPA diameter at 24 hours was 3.8 mm, at 72 hours, 3.8 mm, and at 120 hours, 3.3 mm. Unlike those in term babies, the changes in preterm babies were not significant. LA dimensions and LA/Ao ratio were more variable. Furthermore, rPA measurements reliably differentiated clinical conditions with increased or decreased pulmonary blood flow. Thus, our data confirm the significance of rPA measurement as it closely correlates with the hemodynamic changes in the early neonatal period in normal and abnormal term and preterm babies.

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“…Early measures of blood volume relied on labeled plasma and dyes and reported higher average values for preterm compared to term infants (83-109 vs. 75-99 mL/kg across multiple studies) (23)(24)(25)(26). As a result, current guidelines estimate blood volume to be greater in preterm than term babies, for example 100 vs. 80 mL/kg (27) or 90-95 vs. 80-85 ml/kg (28) (for both preterm vs. term infants, respectively).…”

Section: Evidence For Hypovolemia In Preterm Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Leak From the Circulation Contributes to Poor Outcomes for Preterm Infants: A Working Hypothesis

2021

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Preterm infants are at high risk of death and disability resulting from brain injury. Impaired cardiovascular function leading to poor cerebral oxygenation is a significant contributor to these adverse outcomes, but current therapeutic approaches have failed to improve outcome. We have re-examined existing evidence regarding hypovolemia and have concluded that in the preterm infant loss of plasma from the circulation results in hypovolemia; and that this is a significant driver of cardiovascular instability and thus poor cerebral oxygenation. High capillary permeability, altered hydrostatic and oncotic pressure gradients, and reduced lymphatic return all combine to increase net loss of plasma from the circulation at the capillary. Evidence is presented that early hypovolemia occurs in preterm infants, and that capillary permeability and pressure gradients all change in a way that promotes rapid plasma loss at the capillary. Impaired lymph flow, inflammation and some current treatment strategies may further exacerbate this plasma loss. A framework for testing this hypothesis is presented. Understanding these mechanisms opens the way to novel treatment strategies to support cardiovascular function and cerebral oxygenation, to replace current therapies, which have been shown not to change outcomes.

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The blood volume of infants

Cited by 37 publications

References 10 publications

Special Therapeutics (Transfusions)

Special Therapeutics (Transfusions)

Right Pulmonary Artery Measurements in Term and Preterm Neonates during the Early Newborn Period: Hemodynamic Correlation and Clinical Significance

Plasma Leak From the Circulation Contributes to Poor Outcomes for Preterm Infants: A Working Hypothesis

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