The blood groups in Pakistan

Abstract

While the recipients of Fulbright awards in 1952 the authors were able to determine the AlA2B0, MNS, and Rh blood groups of a series of Pakistanis in the two cities of Lahore and Peshawar in West Pakistan, and in Dacca in East Pakistan. A few subjects in Lahore were tested also for Kell, Duffy and Kidd.The subjects were from hospital wards, out-patient clinics, and university classes. No selection was exercised, but a record was made of the birthplace of each subject. Of those tested in Lahore 204 were natives of the Punjab province, and 24 were from other parts of Pakistan and India; of the 228 tested in Peshawar 153 were natives of Peshawar District and 75 were from other parts of the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP) ; of the 266 tested in Dacca 236 were natives of Bengal and 30 were from other parts of Pakistan and India. No very striking differences between the natives and the other members of a series appear in any case, but the results on the natives are in each case presented separately. The results of our tests are shown in table 1, and the calculated gene frequencies in table 2.The tests were carried out by the standard techniques (Schiff and Boyd, '42; Wiener, '43; Race and Sanger, '50). The 3f and N reagents and the anti-A and anti-B sera were powerful reagents prepared in our own laboratory (Boyd, '39a, '47). The anti-S, anti-Kell, anti-Kidd and anti-Duffy were the gift of Doctor Vogel and Doctor Rosenfield. The subgroups of A and AB were determined with a Lima bean extract prepared in our laboratory (Boyd and Reguera, '49). All the results obtained with this reagent were checked with

A Case of Very Weak B Agglutinogen

“…When comparing our results with variants reported so far in the literature, we can conclude that the group determined in our tests differs from the B groups described by Boyd et al [2], the B2 group described by Jakobowicz et al [6] or by Vyas et al [11] as well as from the B3 group described by Moullec et al [9], Sussman et al…”

Incidence of ‘Bombay’ (Oh) Phenotype and Weaker Variants of A and B Antigen in Bombay (India)

“…No study giving the incidence of weak B variants is available in the literature. Though such variants have been reported from our laboratory in the past [3,16], bloods giving somewhat weaker reactions were also observed by Boyd and Boyd [4] in Pakistan Muslims. The present study makes an attempt to determine an incidence of rare ABO variants amongst large Indian populations in Bombay.…”

Three Cases of Weak B in an Indian Family

“…Armstrong et al [1] have a unique case with a total absence of the B antigen on the cells and anti-B in the serum but the presence of B and H substances in the saliva reflect the properties analogous to the group Am [16]. Boyd and Boyd [3] have detected some weak B (designated as Bw) during their work on blood groups in Pakistan. However, they have not been able to do any further investigations on these cases.…”