The blood and serum groups of selected populations in South India and Ceylon

Kirk, R. L.; Lai, L. Y. C.; Vos, G. H.; Wickremasinghe, R. L.; Perera, Devika

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330200409

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Chinese and Indians differed from the Malays by the apparent absence of Hsc and by a slightly higher frequency of Hs*5. The frequency of lls° in the Malay sample (0.002) indicates that the gene is not completely absent from Asian populations as has been (Allen and Scott, 1947;Simmons et al, 1950;Steinberg et al, 1961;Clian, 1962;Kirk et al, 1962). The distribution of ABO blood groups in Singapore Malays of the present series is similar to that reported by Chan (1962) but differs from that of Allen and Scott (1947).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Red Cell Acid Phosphatase Types in Some Populations of South-East Asia

Lai¹,

Kwa²

1968

Hum Hered

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Red Cell Acid Phosphatase Types in Some Populations of South-East Asia

Lai¹,

Kwa²

1968

Hum Hered

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“…As in the present investigation, the B group frequency is high, although Macfarlane's early work, quoted by Iyer, shows the Izhava to have a signi ficantly lower frequency of group A and group B than do the Nayar. For the tribal groups in the Nilgiri Hills the present figures for the Irulas and Todas are consistent with those reported by Kirk et al [1962], but the earlier study gave a much higher frequency for the r gene than in the present instance. In both cases, however, the size of the series was relatively small and the difference in the observed gene frequencies is not significant.…”

Section: Blood Croupssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…One of these tribes, the Kadar, has been examined by us recently [Saha el al., 1974], The tribal populations are found mainly in the forested and mountainous areas to the east of the coastal plain, and they cross the present-day State bound aries into Tamil Nadu. For this reason we have included in the present survey, in addition to data for a small group, the Malayarayan from the Anamalai Hills, results for a number of tribal populations living in the Nilgiri Hills, which extends our previous work in this area [Kirk et al, 1962],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Population Genetic Studies in Kerala and the Nilgiris (South West India)

Saha¹,

Kirk²,

Shanbhag³

et al. 1976

Hum Hered

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A total of nearly 1,000 persons belonging to a number of caste, religious and tribal groupings in Kerala and the Nilgiri Hills of South India have been tested for genetic variation in 4 blood group, 5 serum protein and 17 enzyme systems as well as haemoglobin. The distribution of blood groups, serum protein and enzyme groups is similar to that reported for other South Indian populations. Of particular interest is the presence of LDH ‘Calcutta-1 variants in three of the Hindu and Muslim communities, as well as in two of the tribal populations. At locus 1 of phosphoglucomutase a new allele of the ‘slow’ variety was detected in more than 10% of the Malayarayan, in Kerala, but no examples of this variant were found in neighbouring populations. Abnormal haemoglobins were detected in several populations, HbS being present in more than 20% of the Irula and Kurumba in the Nilgiri Hills. In the Kerala populations there were 4 examples of Hb AD and 1 of Hb AE. Genetic distance estimates using the gene frequency data indicate that the closest groups are the Nayar and Izhava and the Brahmin and Nayar. The tribal populations are approximately twice as far from the Nayar as they are from the Izhava. The Todas of the Nilgiri Hills are somewhat closer to the Brahmin of Kerala than they are to the other tribal populations.

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“…Not only is there a very striking difference in frequency between the KD and PK series, but the Hpl gene frequency in the KD series (0.41) is much higher than normal for Indian populations. Kirk et al [1962] reported Hp1 values of 0.18 for Kurumbas, and 0.07 for Irulas in the Nilgiri Hills, only the Todas in the same area with a value of 0.38 have a comparable value for this gene fre quency. Values in other Indian populations have been summarized by Baxi and Camoens [1969] and Kirk [1973].…”

Section: Serum Protein Systemsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Genetic Studies among the Kadar of Kerala

Saha¹,

Kirk²,

Shanbhag³

et al. 1974

Hum Hered

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A total of 213 Kadar from a number of villages in the Anamalai Hills, South India have been tested for 4 blood group, 5 serum protein and 15 enzyme systems, as well as haemoglobin. The frequencies of genes in the ABO, MN and Rh blood group systems are compatible with values reported previouslythe fourth blood group system In^a was invariant, all persons tested being In(a-). Similarly no variants were detected in the transferrin, caeruloplasmin and albumin serum protein systerns. The haptoglobin gene Hp¹ had a frequency of 0.41, high for Indian populations and also the Gm^-1–2allele had a high frequency. Two individuals had the rare phenotype Gm (–1, +2). Amongst the red cell enzyme systems distinctive variants were detected in the phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase (locus 1) and peptidase B systems. The allele PGD^Kadar controls an electrophoretically fast variant and examples of combinations of this allele with PGD^A, PGD^C and itself were observed. In the PGM (locus 1) system an allele controlling a slower than normal component was present and may be identical with the PGD⁶₁ (African) allele detected in a black African. Individuals homozygous for this allele and others heterozygous with it and the normal PGM¹₁and PGM¹₂alleles were present. A single person with a peptidase B variant was detected. The mobility of the variant band was indistinguishable from the Pep B 6 in Australian aboriginals. The p^b allele of the acid phosphatase system accounted for nearly 90%, Calcutta-1 variants had a frequency of 3.3%, the AK² gene frequency was only 3.3%, and only two cases of HbS were detected. All other systems were invariant. Theories concerning the origin of the possible negrito-like traits in a small number of Kadar were discussed and the present evidence was considered to support the possibility of past African negro admixture on a small scale. The postulated genetic reconstruction of the ancestral Kadar population suggests that they may have been similar to Melanesian and Australian aboriginal populations, but that this original genetic structure has been modified through incorporating genetic elements not only from black Africans but from surrounding Dravidian populations.

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The blood and serum groups of selected populations in South India and Ceylon

Cited by 31 publications

References 2 publications

Red Cell Acid Phosphatase Types in Some Populations of South-East Asia

Red Cell Acid Phosphatase Types in Some Populations of South-East Asia

Population Genetic Studies in Kerala and the Nilgiris (South West India)

Genetic Studies among the Kadar of Kerala

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