The blind men and the elephant: Systematic review of systematic reviews of cannabis use related health harms

Campeny, Eugènia; López‐Pelayo, Hugo; Nutt, David; Blithikioti, Chrysanthi; Oliveras, Clara; Nuño, Laura; Maldonado, Rafaël; Flórez, Gerardo; Arias, Francisco; Fernández-Artamendi, Sergio; Villalbí, Joan R.; Sellarès, J.; Ballbè, Montse; Rehm, Jürgen; Balcells‐Oliveró, Mercè; Gual, Antoni

doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.003

Cited by 99 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Es ist einerseits davon auszugehen, dass es in Einzelfällen zu (gegebenenfalls zeitverzögerten) cannabisassoziierten gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen kommen kann [11], sich aber andererseits auch deutlich gezeigt hat, dass hierfür aus therapeutischer Sicht externe Aspekte [12] berücksichtigt werden müssen, da die Konsumveränderungen hauptsächlich pandemiebedingt waren, ebenso wie sich ein in einigen Fällen starker positiver Wertbezug dem eigenen Konsum gegenüber gezeigt hatte [13]. Es ist mithin davon auszugehen, dass Konsumsteigerungen als Versuche der persönlichen Krisenbewältigung nicht pauschal negativ betrachtet werden können.…”

Section: Fa Zit Für Die Pr a Xisunclassified

Cannabis und Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 – Eine Online-Kurzbefragung während der Kontaktbeschränkungen in der frühen Phase der Pandemie

Werse

Kamphausen

2021

Suchttherapie

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Zusammenfassung Ziel Erkenntnisse über Änderungen des Erwerbs und Konsum von Cannabisprodukten während der Zeit der Kontaktbeschränkungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Methode Eine ad hoc erstellte, über Soziale Medien verbreitete Online-Umfrage ergab 1146 vollständig ausgefüllte Fragebögen, die quantitativ, teils auch qualitativ ausgewertet wurden. Ergebnisse Es wurden überwiegend Personen erreicht, die häufig Cannabis konsumierten. Rund ein Drittel hatte während der entsprechenden Phase der Pandemie den Konsum gesteigert, nur etwa ein Sechstel reduziert. Mit zunehmender Dauer der Beschränkungen stieg auch der Anteil jener, die angaben, mehr zu konsumieren. Rund die Hälfte stellte keine Änderungen der Marktbedingungen fest, ansonsten wurden leichte Preissteigerungen und schwerere Verfügbarkeit beobachtet. Infektionsgefahren wurden durch diverse Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensänderungen versucht zu minimieren. Schlussfolgerung Trotz gewisser Beeinträchtigungen wurde während der betreffenden Phase der Coronapandemie häufiger Cannabis konsumiert.

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Section: Fa Zit Für Die Pr a Xisunclassified

Cannabis und Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 – Eine Online-Kurzbefragung während der Kontaktbeschränkungen in der frühen Phase der Pandemie

Werse

Kamphausen

2021

Suchttherapie

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“…In 2012, CUDs were determined to be the leading cause of cannabis-attributable burden of disease in Canada ( 27 ). Cannabis use has also been associated with increased risk or exacerbation of other mental health problems such as anxiety and depression, though the relationship between cannabis use and mental health is complex ( 18 , 28 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Legalization and Acute Harm From High Potency Cannabis Products: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Public Health

Matheson

Foll

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Legalization and commercial sale of non-medical cannabis has led to increasing diversity and potency of cannabis products. Some of the American states that were the first to legalize have seen rises in acute harms associated with cannabis use, e.g. Colorado has seen increases in emergency department visits for cannabis-related acute psychological distress and severe vomiting (hyperemesis), as well as a number of high-profile deaths related to ingestion of high doses of cannabis edibles. Over-ingestion of cannabis is related to multiple factors, including the sale of cannabis products with high levels of THC and consumers’ confusion regarding labelling of cannabis products, which disproportionately impact new or inexperienced users. Based on our review of the literature, we propose three approaches to minimizing acute harms: early restriction of cannabis edibles and high-potency products; clear and consistent labelling that communicates dose/serving size and health risks; and implementation of robust data collection frameworks to monitor harms, broken down by cannabis product type (e.g. dose, potency, route of administration) and consumer characteristics (e.g. age, sex, gender, ethnicity). Ongoing data collection and monitoring of harms in jurisdictions that have existing legal cannabis laws will be vital to understanding the impact of cannabis legalization and maximizing public health benefits.

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“…However, multiple existing medications such as zolpidem, buspirone, and gabapentin are being actively investigated. The main gastrointestinal effect of chronic marijuana use is intensive vomiting, as described in a systematic review of systematic reviews by Campeny et al 42 This syndrome has been referred to as cannabinoid hyperemesis (also called cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, or CHS). Cannabinoid hyperemesis was first reported in the literature in 2004 and most reported incidents of this syndrome were in males who began using cannabis daily as teenagers, and subsequently developed symptoms after years of daily cannabis use.…”

Section: Withdrawal (2 Review Articles 1 Original Research Study)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42 Patients using marijuana recreationally have also been noted to suffer from sleep disturbances, likely due to interruptions in slow wave sleep. 42…”

Section: Neurologic Effects (2 Systematic Reviews 3 Review Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana: A systems-based primer of adverse effects associated with use and an overview of its therapeutic utility

et al. 2021

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Marijuana use is on the rise in the United States. By the end of 2019, 33 states have legalized marijuana use and marijuana byproduct use for medical purposes. However, marijuana use does not come without side effects. This manuscript reviews the increasing usage of marijuana and the different forms (natural and synthetic) that patients may use when presenting to clinicians. It also addresses the biochemical and behavioral changes observed with marijuana use, including the location and changes associated with cannabinoid receptors (abbreviated CB1 and CB2). These two topics lead into an extensive review of the side effects of marijuana use. This manuscript discusses gastrointestinal side-effects, such as Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome, pancreatitis, and hepatotoxicity. It also briefly reviews cardiovascular, neurologic, and pulmonary side effects. This article provides an overview of therapeutic effects of marijuana including the antiemetic effect, its medical utility as an appetite stimulant, and usefulness in cancer patients post-chemotherapy. A thorough social history pertaining to marijuana use is an important consideration for clinicians in patients presenting with a variety of symptoms, including those effecting the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or neurologic systems.

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The blind men and the elephant: Systematic review of systematic reviews of cannabis use related health harms

Cited by 99 publications

References 74 publications

Cannabis und Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 – Eine Online-Kurzbefragung während der Kontaktbeschränkungen in der frühen Phase der Pandemie

Cannabis und Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 – Eine Online-Kurzbefragung während der Kontaktbeschränkungen in der frühen Phase der Pandemie

Cannabis Legalization and Acute Harm From High Potency Cannabis Products: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Public Health

Marijuana: A systems-based primer of adverse effects associated with use and an overview of its therapeutic utility

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