“…However, given widespread major upheavals of social change, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many adult children to fulfill parental and societal expectations for providing care and support, thus resulting in distress for all involved (Chan et al, 2012;Ikels, 2004). Social change trends include increased population mobility, urbanization, shrinking of family size, separation of households between elder parents and adult son and daughterin-law, and rapidly aging societies with increasing proportion of elders who have illness and disability compared to shrinking proportions of younger generations who can provide personal care and a tax base to support governmental programs (Chen, 2008;Gu & Liang, 2000;Lai, 2008;Lee & Kwok, 2005;Zhan, Feng, & Luo, 2008).…”