THE BLACK SCHOLAR Symposium: A Critique of The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life

Herrnstein, R. J.; Murray, Charles

doi:10.1080/00064246.1995.11430693

Cited by 140 publications

(211 citation statements)

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“…Both recent and classic arguments suggest genes simply mediate the intergenerational transmission of inequality (Clark 2014;Herrnstein and Murray 1994). These simple genetic explanations suggest the importance of genotype for adult economic outcomes should be unrelated to economic background.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic and immobile: Unequal intergenerational mobility by genetic sensitivity score within sibling pairs

Rauscher

2017

Social Science Research

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Contrary to traditional biological arguments, the differential susceptibility model suggests genotype may moderate rather than mediate parent-child economic similarity. Using family fixed effects models of Add Health sibling data, I investigate the relationship between an index of sensitive genotypes and intergenerational mobility. Full, same sex sibling comparisons hold constant parental characteristics and address the non-random distribution of genotype that reduces internal validity in nationally representative samples. Across multiple measures of young adult financial standing, those with more copies of sensitive genotypes achieve lower economic outcomes than their sibling if they are from a low income context but fare better from a high income context. This genetic sensitivity to parental income entails lower intergenerational mobility. Results support the differential susceptibility model and contradict simplistic genetic explanations for intergenerational inequality, suggesting sensitive genotypes are not inherently positive or negative but rather increase dependence on parental income and reduce mobility.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic and immobile: Unequal intergenerational mobility by genetic sensitivity score within sibling pairs

Rauscher

2017

Social Science Research

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“…In his study of American society, Jencks (1979) showed that the results of youths' mental ability tests are a strong predictor of educational attainment and professional status, even after accounting for variables such as education, occupation and parental income that reduce the strength of this relationship. Similarly, Herrnstein and Murray (1994) found a significant relationship between the results of the AFQT (Armed Forces Qualification Test) and the living conditions of people surveyed in the United States 10 years later.…”

Section: Determinants and Perceptions Of Social Mobility In Poland 1mentioning

confidence: 86%

Determinants and perceptions of social mobility in Poland, 1992-2008

Sokołowska¹

2014

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Vizja Press&IT www.ce.vizja.pl 89The purpose of this article is to analyse the factors affecting social mobility in Poland, based on results obtained from the estimation of logit models for the years 1992-2008 as well as from interviews asking about the necessary conditions to achieve success in life. Data used in this work come from the Polish General Social Survey carried out by the Institute of Social Studies of the University of Warsaw on a representative sample of adult household members. This set contains interviews conducted in the years 1992-2008 and includes 16,234 respondents. Studies using logit models to answer the question posed in the present study show that the probability of success in life in Poland is determined by both ability and level of education; interview responses to the same question, however, show that family origins, parents' level of education and connections are just as important. Most interestingly, the percentage of people indicating the importance of these factors was higher in 2002 than it was in 1992. IntroductionThe concept of social mobility (Saunders, 2010, p. 1-2; Social mobility, 2008) concerns an individual or social group's ability to change his or her position in the social system. In the case of intragenerational mobility, movement is measured in relation to the life of a single person. If a person's current position is discussed in reference to the position held by his or her parents at the same age, it is described as intergenerational mobility. Profession, income level, education, and other measures of class or socio-economic status can be compared. When a person moves from a lower to a higher social position, he or she achieves social promotion, whereas when a person moves from a higher to a lower position, he or she undergoes social degradation. The factors influencing social mobility are a subject of research in many scientific disciplines, including sociology, psychology, epidemiology, and social medicine.In fact, the social status achieved in adulthood is an important indicator of access to material goods and health status (Adams et al, 2004;Boyle, Norman & Popham, 2009;Smith et al., 1998). The existence of social mobility also has consequences for social cohesion, equality, economic stability and happiness (Aldridge, 2003). Therefore, it is important to isolate the factors that facilitate mobility as well as those that may pose a barrier to it in order to target material resources that will support the former (Forrest et al., 2011). Most of the research on this subject shows that social, educa-

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“…), each claim depends on the following assumptions: the science of race can and should be distinguished from racist ideologies; natural order exists in a separate domain from social order; scientifi c racism results from the latter (ideology, social order) posing as the former (science, natural order). I suggest that it is this bifurcated conceptual framework -one that delineates science from society, natural order from social order -and not any particular answer to "the race question" itself, that produces the experience of a perpetual return of a race problem in biology: the IQ debates in the 1960s and 1970s; the controversies sparked by the 1994 publication of the Th e Bell Curve; Armand Leroi's 2005 announcement in the New York Times that race is real; the explosion in the last few years of claims that link genetic variants to particular races (Herrnstein 1994, Leroi 2005.…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%