The black sand placer deposits of Kerala beach, southwest India

Mallik, Tapas Kumar; Vasudevan, Varun; Verghese, P. Aby; Machado, Terry

doi:10.1016/0025-3227(87)90088-0

Cited by 57 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These observations match very well with the study of Mallik et al (1987) on the mineralogical composition of beach and river sediments from along the Kerala coast, which showed two main occurrences of sillimanitebearing sediments, one being around the Chavara coast, and the other north around Cannanore (samples marked with 'S' in Fig. 7).…”

Section: Heavy Mineral Assemblagessupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Given the similarities of the present day physical and chemical environment along the Kerala coast, the main parameter to change along the coast would appear to be that of basement lithology as the possible source of coastal sediments. This view is substantiated by the study of Mallik et al (1987) showing that the sediments can be divided into five provinces, which, from north to south are: 1) mixed province with opaque phases, zircon, hornblende, garnet, sillimanite, epidote; 2) garnet-hypersthene; 3) opaque phases-zircon; 4) hornblende-hypersthene, and 5) opaque phases-zircon-monazite with sillimanite-epidote. In terms of provenance for the sediments, Mallik et al (1987) link these provinces to the variation in lithologies of the basement rocks, so that provinces 1) and 4) with abundant hornblende are associated with retrograded granulite facies gneisses in the north and south; province 2) with abundant hypersthene is linked to the charnockites of the central Kerala state and province 5) with common sillimanite is linked to the khondalite belt in southern Kerala/Tamil Nadu.…”

Section: Correlation Between Sediment Heavy Mineral Assemblages and Bmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Samples of Mallik et al (1987) with high proportions of hypersthene show dense clustering in the middle part of the coastline and in rivers of that area. This corresponds to the dominance of charnockites in the basement rocks.…”

Section: Correlation Between Sediment Heavy Mineral Assemblages and Bmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Application of CCSEM to heavy mineral deposits: Source of high-Ti ilmenite sand deposits of South Kerala beaches, SW India

Bernstein¹,

Frei²,

McLimans³

et al. 2008

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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Section: Heavy Mineral Assemblagessupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Correlation Between Sediment Heavy Mineral Assemblages and Bmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Application of CCSEM to heavy mineral deposits: Source of high-Ti ilmenite sand deposits of South Kerala beaches, SW India

Bernstein¹,

Frei²,

McLimans³

et al. 2008

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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“…6), suggesting different source materials for magnetized material and detrital elements. Radioactive and heavy mineral placer sands (zircon, monazite, ilmenite and rutile) are abundant in the coastal and shelf region (Mallik et al, 1987). Iron-rich authigenic verdine and glaucony and phosphate facies were reported on the shelf and upper slope of the study region (Rao et al, 1993).…”

Section: Productivity and Redox Conditions 421 Glacial Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Paleoclimatic and diagenetic history of the late quaternary sediments in a core from the Southeastern Arabian Sea: Geochemical and magnetic signals

et al. 2010

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The geochemical and rock-magnetic investigations were carried out on a sediment core collected from the SE Arabian Sea at 1420 m depth in oxygenated waters below the present day oxygen minimum zone. The top 250 cm sediments of the core represent the last 35 kaBP. The δ 18O values of Globigerinoides ruber are heaviest during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and appear unaffected by low-saline waters transported from the Bay of Bengal by stronger northeast monsoon and West Indian coastal current. The signatures of Bφlling-Allerφd and Younger Dryas events are distinct in the records of magnetic susceptibility, organic carbon (OC) and δ 18O. Glacial sediments show higher OC, CaCO 3 , Ba, Mo, U and Cd, while the early to late Holocene sediments show increasing concentrations of OC, CaCO 3 , Ba, Cu, Ni and Zn and decreasing concentrations of Mo, U and Cd. Productivity induced lowoxygenated bottom waters and reducing sedimentary conditions during glaciation and, productivity and oxygenated bottom waters in Holocene are responsible for their variation. The core exhibits different stages of diagenesis at different sediment intervals. The occurrence of fine-grained, low-coercivity, ferrimagnetic mineral during glacial period is indicative of its formation in organic-rich, anoxic sediments, that may be analogous to the diagenetic magnetic enhancement known in sapropels of the Mediterranean Sea and Japan Sea. The glacial sediments exhibiting reductive diagenesis with anoxic sedimentary environment in this core correspond to reductive diagenesis and intermittent bioturbation (oxygenation) reported in another core in the vicinity. This suggests that the low-oxygenated bottom water conditions during glacial times should not be generalized, but are influenced locally by productivity, sedimentation rates and sediment reworking.

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“…In the northern Arabian Sea both the fluvial as well as aeolian processes play important roles in sediment contribution (Naidu 1991). There is comprehensive information available with regard to the heavy minerals and placer deposits from the continental shelf and beaches of western coast of India (Mallik et al 1987;Hegde et al 2006;Nayak et al 2012). Jayaraju (2004) studied the distribution patterns of heavy minerals along the southern tip of India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Heavy mineral variation in the deep sea sediment of southeastern Arabian Sea during the past 32 kyr

Akaram

Das

et al. 2015

J Earth Syst Sci

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The present study is based on heavy mineral assemblages (HM) of top 104-cm thick section of gravity core SK 221 (Lat. 8 • 7.12 N; Long. 73 • 16.38 E and water depth -2188 m) located near the ChagosLaccadive Ridge in the southeastern Arabian Sea to evaluate the provenance and paleoenvironmental changes during the last 32 kyr. The biogenic carbonate, acid insoluble residue, magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon (TOC) and clay based humidity index, i.e., kaolinite/illite ratio are also utilized to correlate with the above paleoenvironmental changes. Ilmenite, garnet, staurolite, pyroxenes, andalusite and zircon are the dominant HM with moderate to low ZTR (zircon-tourmaline-rutile) index indicating instability of the sediments and rapid erosion in the source region. The characteristic HM suggest their mixed sources from the basic igneous, gneisses/granites, high grade metamorphic rocks and sandstones occurring mainly in the western and southwestern India. The temporal variations of HM, AIR (acid insoluble residue), MS (magnetic susceptibility), biogenic carbonate and C org (TOC) during preglacial and early Holocene suggest intensive weathering, erosion, and transportation of terrigenous detritus from continental region by fluvial processes and summer monsoon led high biogenic productivity, respectively. The convective mixing of waters due to intense winter monsoon resulted in very high biogenic carbonate content during the early stages of glacial period. The HM and associated proxies indicated that the winter monsoons of Heinrich (H3, H2, and H1) and Younger Dryas (YD) events and summer monsoons of Bølling/Allerød (BA) event were not strong enough to bring drastic changes in the above parameters.

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The black sand placer deposits of Kerala beach, southwest India

Cited by 57 publications

References 4 publications

Application of CCSEM to heavy mineral deposits: Source of high-Ti ilmenite sand deposits of South Kerala beaches, SW India

Application of CCSEM to heavy mineral deposits: Source of high-Ti ilmenite sand deposits of South Kerala beaches, SW India

Paleoclimatic and diagenetic history of the late quaternary sediments in a core from the Southeastern Arabian Sea: Geochemical and magnetic signals

Heavy mineral variation in the deep sea sediment of southeastern Arabian Sea during the past 32 kyr

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