The black prince

Warden, J. S.

doi:10.1093/nq/s1-ix.234.374d

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1854

DOI: 10.1093/nq/s1-ix.234.374d

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The black prince

J. S. Warden¹

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2007

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“…Although some of these species produce plantlets only when placed under stress (induced plantlet-forming species), others spontaneously make plantlets on leaves (constitutive plantlet-forming species). To date, leaf plantlet development in Kalanchoë has been studied extensively at the morphological and anatomical levels (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Although these studies have provided detailed descriptive information, the morphogenic process involved in the origin of these plantlets and the different reproductive strategies undertaken by species of this genus are still not well understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of asexual reproduction in leaves of the genus Kalanchoë

Garcês

Champagne

Townsley

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

100

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Plant somatic cells have the remarkable ability to regenerate an entire organism. Many species in the genus Kalanchoë , known as ''mother of thousands,'' develop plantlets on the leaf margins. Using key regulators of organogenesis (STM) and embryogenesis (LEC1 and FUS3) processes, we analyzed asexual reproduction in Kalanchoë leaves. Suppression of STM abolished the ability to make plantlets. Here, we report that constitutive plantlet-forming species, like Kalanchoë daigremontiana, form plantlets by coopting both organogenesis and embryogenesis programs into leaves. These species have a defective LEC1 gene and produce nonviable seed, whereas species that produce plantlets only upon stress induction have an intact LEC1 gene and produce viable seed. The latter species are basal in the genus, suggesting that inducedplantlet formation and seed viability are ancestral traits. We provide evidence that asexual reproduction likely initiated as a process of organogenesis and then recruited an embryogenesis program into the leaves in response to loss of sexual reproduction within this genus.nlike animal cells, somatic cells of plants are capable of regenerating the entire adult organism, and this potential for regeneration is called totipotency. In some plants, this ability is used as a mechanism of vegetative reproduction (1) and may represent the only means of reproduction. Species in the genus Kalanchoë (Crassulaceae) reproduce asexually by forming plantlets along their leaf margins. Although some of these species produce plantlets only when placed under stress (induced plantlet-forming species), others spontaneously make plantlets on leaves (constitutive plantlet-forming species). To date, leaf plantlet development in Kalanchoë has been studied extensively at the morphological and anatomical levels (2-10). Although these studies have provided detailed descriptive information, the morphogenic process involved in the origin of these plantlets and the different reproductive strategies undertaken by species of this genus are still not well understood.Genetic analyses of model species have identified key molecular regulators of organogenesis and embryogenesis. Loss-offunction mutations in Arabidopsis SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM), a class 1 KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX1) gene, result in plants that are unable to form a shoot apical meristem (SAM) and arrest at the seedling stage (11, 12). Transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing KNOX1 genes form ectopic shoots on leaves (13-15). The Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) gene is expressed during embryogenesis, and its expression pattern is similar in both zygotic and somatic embryos (16)(17)(18). Loss-of-function mutation of LEC1 results in embryos that do not undergo developmental arrest and are nonviable because they are desiccation-intolerant (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Ectopic expression of LEC1 in transgenic plants induces somatic embryos in vegetative cells (16). Because leaf-plantlet formation resembles aspects of both STM and LEC1 overexpression phenotypes, we investigate...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of asexual reproduction in leaves of the genus Kalanchoë

Garcês

Champagne

Townsley

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

100

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The black prince

Cited by 1 publication

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Evolution of asexual reproduction in leaves of the genus Kalanchoë

Evolution of asexual reproduction in leaves of the genus Kalanchoë

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