The ‘black marble’ of Denée, a fossil conservation deposit from the Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) of southern Belgium

Mottequin, Bernard

doi:10.1002/gj.1102

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Styracopterus fulcratus (Traquair, ) was previously the only ray‐finned fish species (Actinopterygii) found at two well‐documented Mississippian Scottish Lagerstätten (359–323 Mya; Gradstein et al ., ): the Tournaisian Foulden fauna, a euryhaline environment bearing ‘Romer's Gap’ tetrapods (347 Mya; Wood & Rolfe, ; Smithson et al ., ); and the Visean Glencartholm fauna (338 Mya; Schram, ; Smithson et al ., ), a nearshore marine system. This fusiform actinopterygian is the type species for the family Styracopteridae (Moy‐Thomas, ; Gardiner, ), which also contains the genus Benedenius (Van Beneden, 1878) from the early Visean of Belgium (Traquair, 1877–1914, ; Moy‐Thomas, ; Mottequin, ). Benedenius was considered a platysomoid (Palaeozoic deep‐bodied fishes; Traquair, , ) before this relationship was hypothesized (Fraipont, ; Traquair, ; Boulenger, , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Styracopterid (Actinopterygii) ontogeny and the multiple origins of post-Hangenberg deep-bodied fishes

Sallan¹,

Coates²

2013

Zool J Linn Soc

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The Carboniferous fish family Styracopteridae (Actinopterygii) originated as part of the initial radiation of ray‐finned fishes following the end‐Devonian Hangenberg extinction. Specimens of Styracopterus fulcratus (Traquair, 1890) have been collected from post‐extinction Tournaisian and Visean Scottish sediments for over 100 years, including sites containing some of the earliest ‘Romer's Gap’ tetrapods. Re‐examination of this supposedly long‐lived, static species has revealed two genera, Styracopterus and Fouldenia White, 1927, divergent from each other and previous descriptions. Here, we show that styracopterids are among the earliest actinopterygians with durophagous dentition and toothplates, the latter likely to have derived from the ectopterygoids and coronoids. On the basis of this and other traits, such as the presence of an enameloid ‘beak’, the fusiform styracopterids are linked to some, but not all, the deep‐bodied actinopterygians previously placed in the suborder Platysomoidei. A new plesion, Eurynotiformes, is erected to contain the styracopterids, the deeply fusiform Eurynotus and the widespread Amphicentrum, among other laterally compressed fishes. This implies that platysomoids are polyphyletic: deep‐bodied and/or durophagous fishes evolved multiple times following the Hangenberg event. Reconstructed styracopterid growth series show that trunk depth increased during maturation, mirroring the shape variation observed among the Eurynotiformes. Other ontogenetic changes involve fin‐ray differentiation, jaw form, dermal bone ornamentation, and scale morphology; all of these are widely used as actinopterygian diagnostic characters. Further investigation of Eurynotiformes should reveal the extent of evolutionary and ontogenetic change within the earliest actinopterygian radiation, and are likely to rewrite their phylogeny. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Styracopterid (Actinopterygii) ontogeny and the multiple origins of post-Hangenberg deep-bodied fishes

Sallan¹,

Coates²

2013

Zool J Linn Soc

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“…The early Carboniferous climate was characterised by progressive cooling and the onset of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in the late Viséan (Isbell et al, 2003). However, sedimentary cycles related to glacio-eustatic sealevel changes have been reported from the Belgian platform sections as early as the early Viséan (Mottequin, 2008;. Similarly, the Middle Devonian and Late Cretaceous are dominated by third-order eustatic sequences that are most probably related to glacio-eustacy (see review by Miller et al, 2005).…”

Section: Origin Of Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Royseux: a palaeobiodiversity hotspot in the Late Viséan (Carboniferous) of Belgium

Denayer¹,

Aretz²,

Poty³

et al. 2016

Geol. Belg.

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ABSTRACT. Biodiversity hotspots are defined as areas of unusually high biological diversity. This definition is less clear for palaeohotspots but the Royseux locality in Southern Belgium is interpreted as such a site because of the large number of coral species that co-occur within a small area and short time interval. Forty-one species (29 genera) of rugose, tabulate and heterocorallia corals are known within a 6 m-thick 4 th order parasequence (100 kyr). These numbers increase to 50 species in 30 genera if the entire succession is considered. Consequently, Royseux is regarded as the richest site for late Viséan coral diversity on a global scale. Comparison with other sites from Spain, Morocco, the British Isles, and eastern Australia confirms this view. The diversity of brachiopods (at least 18 species within 16 genera) and other invertebrates is also assessed. The great palaeobiodiversity is tentatively explained by the interplay of several global and local causes, including high late Viséan biodiversity at the global scale associated with tectonically and sedimentarydriven micro-environment differentiation. Conversely, the Royseux locality has yielded few endemic taxa.

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“…Black limestones ("marbles") were quarried mostly around the Meuse River and its tributaries (the Sambre, Mehaigne, Molignée, Bocq) and the Schelde River. Well known are the following limestones: the Calcaire de MeuseVinalmont of the Visean age, the Noir de Denée of an early Visean age (Mottequin 2004(Mottequin , 2008, and the Petit Granit of the Tournaisian age, all of them from the Meuse River area; and the Noir de Tournai of the Tournaisian age , Storemyr et al 2007) from the Schelde River area (the Tournai region). The limestones of the Visean age show a typical association of foraminifera and algae.…”

Section: Historical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limestones of the Visean age show a typical association of foraminifera and algae. The Tournaisian limestones are characterized by the lack of foraminifera and the presence of bryozoans , Storemyr et al 2007, Mottequin 2008.…”

Section: Historical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Black "marble" in the Polish architecture - characteristics and possibility of its provenance determination: the case of the Dębnik limestone

Marszałek

2014

geol

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Black limestone, also known as black "marble", was widely used in the Polish small-scale architecture and art of the 17 th and 18 th centuries. Besides the Devonian limestone from Dębnik near Krakow, also popular were the Netherlandish (Wallonian), Devonian to Carboniferous limestones from the Meuse River and Schelde River valleys. This paper deals with the possibility of identifying the rocks imported to Poland. Macroscopic similarities between the Netherlandish rocks and some Dębnik limestones have been highlighted for the oldest Carmelite quarry in Dębnik, exploiting the best stones. The analyses include: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with EDS, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and isotope ratio mass spectrometry ( 13 C and 18 O stable isotopes). Carboniferous limestones from Netherlands can be identified within and distinguished from the Dębnik limestone in the macroscopic observations. Differences, depending on the varieties, are associated primarily with the presence of white calcite fragments of fossils, calcite veins intersecting the rock in all directions or hardness of the limestones. Deeply black Devonian limestones from Wallonia and Dębnik without macrofossils and calcite veins differ in microscopic observations considering their texture, type of microfossils and inventory of non-carbonate components. The characteristic graying and whitening of the black limestones has also been discussed as a possible feature of rock provenance.

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The ‘black marble’ of Denée, a fossil conservation deposit from the Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) of southern Belgium

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Styracopterid (Actinopterygii) ontogeny and the multiple origins of post-Hangenberg deep-bodied fishes

Styracopterid (Actinopterygii) ontogeny and the multiple origins of post-Hangenberg deep-bodied fishes

Royseux: a palaeobiodiversity hotspot in the Late Viséan (Carboniferous) of Belgium

Black "marble" in the Polish architecture - characteristics and possibility of its provenance determination: the case of the Dębnik limestone

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