The Black Hole Mass–Galaxy Bulge Relationship for QSOs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3

Salviander, S.; Shields, G. A.; Gebhardt, Karl; Bonning, E. W.

doi:10.1086/513086

Cited by 227 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This relationship holds for a relatively wide range of luminosities up to L bol ¼ 10 46 ergs s À1 , and is extrapolated to higher luminosities to estimate black hole masses for bright QSOs. As discussed by Salviander et al (2007), the calibration used by Shields et al (2006b) is consistent with observed M . and Ã in Seyfert galaxies (Onken et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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In Search of the Largest Velocity Dispersion Galaxies

Salviander

Shields

Gebhardt

et al. 2008

Astrophysical Journal

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We present Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) observations for galaxies at redshift z < 0:3 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) showing large velocity dispersions while appearing to be single galaxies in HST images. The high signal-to-noise HET spectra provide more definitive velocity dispersions. The maximum velocity dispersion we find is Ã ¼ 444 km s À1 . Emission-line widths in QSOs indicate that black holes can exist with masses M . exceeding 5 billion M , implying Ã > 500 km s À1 by the local M . -Ã relationship. This suggests either that QSO black hole masses are overestimated or that the black holeYbulge relationship changes at high black hole mass. The latter option is consistent with evidence that the increase in Ã with luminosity levels off for the brightest elliptical galaxies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Recent studies by Shields et al (2006a), Peng et al (2006), Salviander et al (2007), and others suggest that the M . -Ã relationship evolves with redshift in the sense that, for a given M .…”

Section: Comment On Evolution Of Thementioning

confidence: 97%

In Search of the Largest Velocity Dispersion Galaxies

Salviander

Shields

Gebhardt

et al. 2008

Astrophysical Journal

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“…As summarized above, the growth of black holes seems to occur in galaxies that are at least qualitatively similar to those in which black holes grow today. The relationship between black hole mass and galaxy velocity dispersion has apparently evolved only weakly if at all (Salviander et al 2007, but see Woo et al 2007). So the z ∼ 1 universe 8 T. M. Heckman looks sort of like the z ∼ 0 universe on steroids.…”

Section: The Importance Of Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Black Holes: Current Status and Future Prospects

Heckman

2009

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. I begin by summarizing the evidence that there is a close relationship between the evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes. They evidently share a common fuel source, and feedback from the black hole may be needed to suppress over-cooling in massive galaxies.I then review what we know about the co-evolution of galaxies and black holes in the modern universe (z < 1). We now have a good documentation of which black holes are growing (the lower mass ones), where they are growing (in the less massive early-type galaxies), and how this growth is related in a statistical sense to star formation in the central region of the galaxy. The opportunity in the next decade will be to use the new observatories to undertake ambitious programs of 3-D imaging spectroscopy of the stars and gas in order to understand the actual astrophysical processes that produce the demographics we observe. At high redshift (z > 2), the most massive black holes and the progenitors of the most massive galaxies are forming. Here, we currently have a tantalizing but fragmented view of their co-evolution. In the next decade, the huge increase in sensitivity and discovery power of our observatories will enable us to analyze the large, complete samples we need to achieve robust and clear results.

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“…Most efforts have been devoted to the study of the M BH -σ * relation. Shields et al (2003) and Salviander et al (2007) have used narrow nebular emission lines ([O iii], [O ii]) excited by the AGN emission in the nuclear region of galaxies as proxies for the central velocity dispersion, and compared these to the black hole mass estimated from the broad line width of QSOs from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 3 (see Section 4). In both cases, a large scatter has been found in the relation between M BH and σ * , and the results are either in favor of (Salviander et al 2007) or against (Shields et al 2003) a positive evolution of the black hole mass to host dispersion ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shields et al (2003) and Salviander et al (2007) have used narrow nebular emission lines ([O iii], [O ii]) excited by the AGN emission in the nuclear region of galaxies as proxies for the central velocity dispersion, and compared these to the black hole mass estimated from the broad line width of QSOs from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 3 (see Section 4). In both cases, a large scatter has been found in the relation between M BH and σ * , and the results are either in favor of (Salviander et al 2007) or against (Shields et al 2003) a positive evolution of the black hole mass to host dispersion ratio. However, as pointed out by Botte et al (2004) and Greene & Ho (2005), there are a number of problems with the underlying assumption that the narrow emission lines are good probes of the central gravitational potential, and the systematic uncertainties this method is endowed with are large.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ON THE COSMIC EVOLUTION OF THE SCALING RELATIONS BETWEEN BLACK HOLES AND THEIR HOST GALAXIES: BROAD-LINE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE zCOSMOS SURVEY

Merloni¹,

Bongiorno²,

Bolzonella³

et al. 2009

ApJ

301

383

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We report on the measurement of the physical properties (rest-frame K-band luminosity and total stellar mass) of the hosts of 89 broad-line (type-1) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected in the zCOSMOS survey in the redshift range 1 < z < 2.2. The unprecedented multi-wavelength coverage of the survey field allows us to disentangle the emission of the host galaxy from that of the nuclear black hole in their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We derive an estimate of black hole masses through the analysis of the broad Mg ii emission lines observed in the mediumresolution spectra taken with VIMOS/VLT as part of the zCOSMOS project. We found that, as compared to the local value, the average black hole to host-galaxy mass ratio appears to evolve positively with redshift, with a best-fit evolution of the form (1 + z) 0.68±0.12 +0.6 −0.3 , where the large asymmetric systematic errors stem from the uncertainties in the choice of initial mass function, in the calibration of the virial relation used to estimate BH masses and in the mean QSO SED adopted. On the other hand, if we consider the observed rest-frame K-band luminosity, objects tend to be brighter, for a given black hole mass, than those on the local M BH -M K relation. This fact, together with more indirect evidence from the SED fitting itself, suggests that the AGN hosts are likely actively star-forming galaxies. A thorough analysis of observational biases induced by intrinsic scatter in the scaling relations reinforces the conclusion that an evolution of the M BH -M * relation must ensue for actively growing black holes at early times: either its overall normalization, or its intrinsic scatter (or both) appear to increase with redshift. This can be interpreted as signature of either a more rapid growth of supermassive black holes at high redshift, a change of structural properties of AGN hosts at earlier times, or a significant mismatch between the typical growth times of nuclear black holes and host galaxies. In any case, our results provide important clues on the nature of the early co-evolution of black holes and galaxies and challenging tests for models of AGN feedback and self-regulated growth of structures.

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The Black Hole Mass–Galaxy Bulge Relationship for QSOs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3

Cited by 227 publications

References 66 publications

In Search of the Largest Velocity Dispersion Galaxies

In Search of the Largest Velocity Dispersion Galaxies

The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Black Holes: Current Status and Future Prospects

ON THE COSMIC EVOLUTION OF THE SCALING RELATIONS BETWEEN BLACK HOLES AND THEIR HOST GALAXIES: BROAD-LINE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI IN THE zCOSMOS SURVEY

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