The BiZiFED project: Biofortified zinc flour to eliminate deficiency in Pakistan

Ohly, Heather; Broadley, Martin R.; Joy, Edward J. M.; Khan, Muhammad Khalid; McArdle, Harry J; Zaman, Mukhtiar; Zia, Munir; Lowe, Nicola M

doi:10.1111/nbu.12362

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…There were, however, significant reductions in self‐reported morbidity (including pneumonia and vomiting) in the high zinc wheat flour group compared with the group consuming low zinc wheat flour. The BiZiFED project is currently underway in Pakistan to further investigate the effect of zinc‐biofortified wheat on zinc status using a variety of biomarkers (Ohly et al 2019). While zinc‐biofortified wheat lines have been successfully developed by identifying and exploiting natural genetic variation and through the use of fertilisers, both techniques have proven to be less effective for significantly increasing iron in wheat.…”

Section: Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of bread in the UK diet: An update

Lockyer

Spiro

2020

Nutrition Bulletin

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Bread has been a widely consumed traditional staple food in the UK for centuries, although there has been a decrease in consumption over the past 50 years. This may reflect the increased availability and popularity of other starchy foods such as pasta and rice and potentially negative misconceptions around bread and health (e.g. weight gain and gastrointestinal symptoms). On average, in the UK, bread provides 11-12% of energy, 16-20% of carbohydrate, 10-12% of protein and 17-21% of fibre intakes across all age groups and is a key contributor to micronutrient intakes (9-14% of folate, 15-17% of iron, 12-17% of calcium, 12-13% of magnesium and 10-11% of zinc). White bread is the largest contributor to salt intakes in the UK, though average salt content has been declining, largely as a result of the government reformulation programme with the food industry, including the setting of salt reduction targets. The mandatory fortification of flour with folic acid, a strategy used successfully in >60 other countries as a means of reducing neural tube defects (NTDs), is currently being considered and may be an important public health initiative. The variety of fibre types in bread such as arabinoxylan, oligosaccharides and resistant starch, as well as other bioactives including polyphenols, are an area of emerging interest in relation to nutrition and health. This paper gives an overview of the current contribution of bread to nutrient intakes and considers trends which may change the role of bread in our diet going forward.

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Section: Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of bread in the UK diet: An update

Lockyer

Spiro

2020

Nutrition Bulletin

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“…Pakistani soils are Zn-deficit, which not only leads to low Zn contents in edible parts of the crops, but also affects their growth and productivity [ 9 , 10 ]. Zinc fertilization not only improves grain Zn concentration, but also important for the growth and productivity of mungbean [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc biofortification potential of diverse mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes under field conditions

et al. 2021

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Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for crop plants and essential for human health. The Zn-deficiency is an important malnutrition problem known globally. Biofortified foods could overcome Zn deficiency in humans. Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important, pulse crop frequently grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Mungbean could provide essential micronutrients, including Zn to humans. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the impact of Zn fertilization on the yield and grain biofortification of mungbean. Twelve mungbean genotypes (i.e., NM-28, NM-2011, NM-13-1, NM-2006, NM-51, NM-54, NM-19-19, NM-92, NM-121-25, NM-20-21, 7006, 7008) were assessed for their genetic diversity followed by Zn-biofortification, growth and yield under control (0 kg ha-1) and Zn-fertilized (10 kg ha-1) conditions. Data relating to allometric traits, yield components, grain yield and grain Zn contents were recorded. Zinc fertilization improved entire allometric and yield-related traits. Grain yield of different genotypes ranged from 439 to 904 kg ha-1 under control and 536 to 1462 kg ha-1 under Zn-fertilization. Zinc concentration in the grains varied from 15.50 to 45.60 mg kg-1 under control and 18.53 to 64.23 mg kg-1 under Zn-fertilized conditions. The tested genotypes differed in their Zn-biofortification potential. The highest and the lowest grain Zn contents were noted for genotypes NM-28 and NM-121-25, respectively. Significant variation in yield and Zn-biofortification indicated the potential for improvement in mungbean yield and grain Zn-biofortification. The genotypes NM-28 and NM-2006 could be used in breeding programs for improvement in grain Zn concentration due to their high Zn uptake potential. Nonetheless, all available genotypes in the country should be screened for their Zn-biofortification potential.

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“…The programme is working (i) to evaluate the role of Zincol-2016 in improving the Zn and Fe status in children and girls living in low resource communities (ii) spatial modeling using soil and crop data to predict the grain Zn concentration variations due to soil properties and farm management practices, and (iii) to study the socio economic and market constraints in uptake of biofortified wheat cultivars. The BiZiFED project survey reported that more than half of the females were Zn deficient from the randomized controlled trial (Ohly et al, 2019). In Pakistan, the research on agronomic biofortification interventions to enhanced grain Zn deposition and bioavailability in cereals (wheat and rice) has been done by many scientists (Hussain et al, 2012a,b;Farooq et al, 2018;Rehman et al, 2018b,c,d;Rashid et al, 2019;Nadeem et al, 2020a,b).…”

Section: Status Of Zinc Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic Biofortification of Zinc in Pakistan: Status, Benefits, and Constraints

Rehman

Farooq

Ullah

et al. 2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Micronutrient malnutrition (e.g., zinc) is one of the major causes of human disease burden in the developing world. Zinc (Zn) deficiency is highly prevalent in the Pakistani population (22.1%), particularly in women and children (under 5 years) due to low dietary Zn intake. In Pakistan, wheat is the primary staple food and is poor in bioavailable Zn. However, the number of malnourished populations has decreased over the last decade due to multiplied public awareness, accelerated use of Zn fertilizers (particularly in wheat and rice), initiation of several national/international research initiatives focusing on Zn biofortification in staple crops and availability of supplements and Zn fortified meals merchandise, nonetheless a large number of people are facing Zn or other micronutrient deficiencies in the country. There are few reports highlighting the significant increase in daily dietary Zn uptake in population consuming biofortified wheat (Zincol-2016) flour; indicating the positive prospect of biofortification interventions up scaling in lowering the risk of dietary Zn deficiency in rural and marginalized communities. Zinc fertilizer strategy has not only helped in enhancing the grain Zn concentration, but it also helped in improving crop yield with high economic return. In addition, Zn biofortified seeds have exhibited strong inherent ability to withstand abiotic stresses and produce higher grain yield under diverse climatic conditions. However, there are many constraints (soil, environment, genetic diversity, antinutrients concentration, socioeconomic factors etc.) that hinder the success of biofortification interventions. This review highlights the status of Zn deficiency in Pakistan, the success of agronomic and genetic biofortification interventions. It also discusses the economics of agronomic biofortification and cost effectiveness of Zn fertilization in field conditions in Pakistan and the potential of Zn biofortified seeds against abiotic stresses. Furthermore, it also highlights the constraints which limit the sustainability of biofortification interventions.

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The BiZiFED project: Biofortified zinc flour to eliminate deficiency in Pakistan

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

The role of bread in the UK diet: An update

The role of bread in the UK diet: An update

Zinc biofortification potential of diverse mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes under field conditions

Agronomic Biofortification of Zinc in Pakistan: Status, Benefits, and Constraints

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