The bivariate distribution characteristics of spatial structure in natural <scp>K</scp>orean pine broad‐leaved forest

Li, Yuanfa; Gao, Hui; Zhao, Zhijun; Hu, Yanbo

doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01431.x

Cited by 63 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These results are consistent with Jancke et al (2009), who presented mostly aggregated distribution for low forests and random distribution for high forests. Results suggesting the random distribution of trees were also reported by Hui et al (2007) or Li et al (2012). Finally, the spatial pattern is strongly affected by site conditions (Vacek et al 2015;Králíček et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Impact of applied silvicultural systems on spatial pattern of hornbeam-oak forests

Vacek

Bílek

et al. 2018

Central European Forestry Journal

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The spatial pattern of forest closely affects tree competition that drives the most of processes in forest ecosystems. Therefore, we focused on evaluation of the horizontal structure of high forest, coppice with standards and low forest in hornbeam-oak forests in the Protected Landscape Area Český kras (Czech Republic). The horizontal structure of tree layer individuals with crown projection centroids and natural regeneration was analysed for durmast oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) stands. Horizontal structure of the tree stems of the studied tree species in high forest was random, in oak it was moderately regular. In coppice with standards it was random in oak, in hornbeam and linden it was aggregated within 3 -5 m and random up to a larger spacing. In low forest at a distance of 4 -6 m the horizontal structure of the three studied tree species was aggregated while it was random at a larger spacing. The horizontal structure of natural regeneration was aggregated in all forest types. In coppice with standards and high forest, parent stand had significant negative effect on the natural regeneration at smaller distance (to 1.4 m from the stem). Crown centroids were more regularly distributed than tree stems, especially in low forest (2.0 m) and in linden (2.3 m). Our results contribute to existing knowledge about silvicultural systems and their impact on hornbeam-oak forests with implications for forest management and nature protection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Impact of applied silvicultural systems on spatial pattern of hornbeam-oak forests

Vacek

Bílek

et al. 2018

Central European Forestry Journal

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“…tenuifolia community. After 40 years since protection of these reforestated areas was established, trees with different dominance levels in Korean pine-broadleaf forests show very similar quantities and distribution patterns (Li et al 2012). Individuals of different ages in natural secondary oak forests with large numbers of pioneer species have been shown to have obvious similarity in distribution patterns (Li 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) may be regarded as modified versions of Gadow's mixture and the T index (Hui & Gadow 2003), respectively. They accurately describe tree species segregation and size differentiation (Li et al 2012, Ni et al 2014. Mingling (M) describes the probability of a reference tree i and its four nearest neighbors belonging to the same species; its mean value ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating higher levels of species mixture (Fig.…”

Section: Eurya Japonica Thunbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nearest neighbour relationships in Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia forests along the Nanpan River, China

Li¹,

Gao²,

Yu³

et al. 2017

iForest

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Forest stand structural diversity can be examined at different scales. Smallscale structural changes are the basis of forest structural diversity and habitat heterogeneity, and play a key role in biodiversity conservation. Most research on forest structure has focused mainly at stand level and above, with little attention paid to fine-scale structure and correlations among different forest stand attributes. We set up four permanent plots within a secondary forest community of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia mixed forests along the Nanpan River in southern China. We analyzed their nearest-neighbor relationships using a bivariate distribution of stand spatial structural parameters (SSSP) with the aim of understanding the processes that drive structural diversity in the development of a secondary forest community. Our results revealed that communities with different disturbance histories and species compositions differed in the level of species mixture. Large, small, and medium-sized trees were well mixed within the community, both conspecific and heterospecificindividual with varying densities. All plots exhibited a uniform size differentiation pattern. Trees with different dominance levels or mixture levels were randomly distributed within the plots, and only few of these displayed clumped or regular distribution. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that distribution patterns may be related to species composition and diameter differentiation, though their relationship was very weak. The results of this study are relevant to optimize forest management activities in the studied stands, and promote tree growth, regeneration and habitat diversity at the fine scale.

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“…Values close to zero indicate that the forest stand has a low level of species mingling and a high degree of aggregation. High values that are close to one, on the other hand, imply that the forest stand has a high level of species mingling and a low degree of aggregation [37].…”

Section: Species Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tree position diversity can be represented by the uniform angle index, DBH dominance index and Diameter differentiation index [37][38][39]. These indices have been widely employed in analyzing spatial structure and thus support the formulation of management strategy especially for mixed, irregular, uneven-aged forests [17,40].…”

Section: Tree Position Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Forest Structural Diversity Using the Spectral and Textural Information Derived from SPOT-5 Satellite Images

Meng

Wang

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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Uneven-aged forest management has received increasing attention in the past few years. Compared with even-aged plantations, the complex structure of uneven-aged forests complicates the formulation of management strategies. Forest structural diversity is expected to provide considerable significant information for uneven-aged forest management planning. In the present study, we investigated the potential of using SPOT-5 satellite images for extracting forest structural diversity. Forest stand variables were calculated from the field plots, whereas spectral and textural measures were derived from the corresponding satellite images. We firstly employed Pearson's correlation analysis to examine the relationship between the forest stand variables and the image-derived measures. Secondly, we performed all possible subsets multiple linear regression to produce models by including the image-derived measures, which showed significant correlations with the forest stand variables, used as independent variables. The produced models were evaluated with the adjusted coefficient of determination (R 2 adj ) and the root mean square error (RMSE). Furthermore, a ten-fold cross-validation approach was used to validate the best-fitting models (R 2 adj > 0.5). The results indicated that basal area, stand volume, the Shannon index, Simpson index, Pielou index, standard deviation of DBHs, diameter differentiation index and species intermingling index could be reliably predicted using the spectral or textural measures extracted from SPOT-5 satellite images.

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The bivariate distribution characteristics of spatial structure in natural Korean pine broad‐leaved forest

Cited by 63 publications

References 17 publications

Impact of applied silvicultural systems on spatial pattern of hornbeam-oak forests

Impact of applied silvicultural systems on spatial pattern of hornbeam-oak forests

Nearest neighbour relationships in Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia forests along the Nanpan River, China

Estimation of Forest Structural Diversity Using the Spectral and Textural Information Derived from SPOT-5 Satellite Images

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