The Birth of the Lithium‐Ion Battery

Abstract

The moment of truth: The lithium‐ion battery is currently the predominant power source for mobile phones, laptop computers, and many other portable electronic devices, and is being used increasingly in electric vehicles. Its inventor, A. Yoshino, describes the process by which the lithium‐ion battery was first developed (picture shows the first test‐tube cell) and made commercially practical. Successful safety tests marked the turning point in this work.

Poly(ethylene oxide)-lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate new solid polymer electrolytes: ion–polymer interaction, structural, thermal, and ionic conductivity studies

“…The boundaries of the spherulites were non-spherical but smooth after impingement with the adjacent spherulites. This type of surface morphology was also observed in other PEO-based systems such as (PEO) 6 :NaPO 3 and PEO:Mg(CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 [45,46]. The spherulitic texture in the polymer film showed its lamellar crystalline nature and the dark boundaries indicate the amorphous content in the polymer (Fig.…”

“…The ionic transport in these polymer electrolytes is associated with the metal salt dissolution and the coupling between the ions and segmental motions of the polymer chains [5]. Most commercial lithium batteries containing organic liquid electrolytes frequently suffered from potential safety risks due to leakage, volatility, limited temperature range of operation, and spontaneous combustion of the electrolyte [6]. Thus, to solve the safety issue of lithium batteries, solid polymer electrolytes have been widely used in solvent-free lithium batteries in addition to their attractive features of high flexibility and simple technological process [7,8].…”

Nb-Doped TiO2 Nanofibers for Lithium Ion Batteries

“…1 Originally intended to serve only for small portable electronic devices, they have conquered numerous other fields of domestic and military applications and have become an * To whom correspondence should be addressed † ICG-AIME Université Montpellier 2 ‡ ELETTRA Synchrotron ¶ SAFT Direction de la Recherche 1 indispensable component of present day technologised society. Today LIB are at the dawn of entering not only the transportation market on the large scale but also to backbone the transition from fossil to renewable energy sources.…”

High Energy Density Germanium Anodes for Next Generation Lithium Ion Batteries

“…A working Li battery was first demonstrated in the 1970s, however, they were only able to develop a primary (non-rechargeable) battery [19]. Eventually, Exxon Company manufactured the first commercial secondary Li batteries, which uses Li metal anode, lithium perchlorate in dioxolane electrolyte, and LiTiS2 cathode [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Discovery of materials that react with Li in a reversible matter, later identified as intercalation compounds, was key to the commercialization of Li batteries.…”

“…To solve the safety issues previously encountered when using Li metal, Li metals were substituted by insertion anode materials. Hence, Li ion batteries can be defined as "non-aqueous secondary batteries using transition metal oxides containing lithium ion (such as LiCoO2) as a positive electrode and carbonaceous materials (such as graphite) as a negative elec- trode" [23]. Research works on the electrochemical Li intercalation and release in graphite led to this Li ion or rocking-chair technology [24,[26][27][28].…”