“…Yet the boomerang effect is absent in many settler-colonial contexts, which-if settlers are successful in forming independent states-will ultimately lack a metropole entirely. The historical literature commenting on Arendt primarily asks whether and how boomerang effects took place empirically (Gerwarth and Malinowski, 2009;Grosse, 2006;Zimmerer, 2004Zimmerer, , 2005. Meanwhile, scholars critical of Arendt's Eurocentrism have challenged the ways in which her attention to such effects never directly engages-or explicitly degrades and dehumanizes-the perspectives and interests of the colonized (Bernasconi, 2007;Dossa, 1980;Gines, 2014;Norton, 1995;Presbey, 1997;Rothberg, 2009).…”