The birth of corruption and the politics of anti-corruption in Albania, 1991–2005

Kajsiu, Blendi

doi:10.1080/00905992.2013.773301

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Critical corruption scholars have also criticized the racist undertones of the global anti‐corruption regime in portraying Global South populations as morally defective (Kajsiu, 2013). My study shows that prosecutors do not refer to racialization, but their discourses on the inferiority of the Brazilian people have racist roots (Souza, 2017).…”

Section: The Fight Against Corruption and The Brazilian Criminal Law ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As anti‐corruption scholars have argued, the regime's definition of corruption as “the abuse of public power for private gain” portrays corruption as a state rather than a market problem (Gutterman, 2016: 9). This discourse portrays “businesses as victims of corruption” (Kajsiu, 2013: 29). However, this is a very narrow conception of corruption, shifting the narrative away from harmful practices in the private sector, such as tax evasion (Bukovansky, 2015).…”

Section: The Fight Against Corruption and The Brazilian Criminal Law ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although legal actors became Brazil's main source of anti‐corruption discourses, few works have investigated the global ideas involved in their disputes (Engelmann, 2020). This is especially important because the global anti‐corruption regime has promoted neoliberal ideals, such as economic deregulation and privatization (Williams & Beare, 1999); portrayed Global South populations as morally defective (Kajsiu, 2013); and blamed them for their ‘underdevelopment’ (Gutterman, 2016). However, the “domestic impact” of these norms “remains understudied” (Gutterman, 2017: 154).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discursive mismatch and globalization by stealth: The fight against corruption in the Brazilian legal field

Cornelius

2023

Law Soc Rev

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Law and globalization studies have documented how Global South lawyers compete over the adaptation of international norms. Yet, little is known about how this adaptation legitimates worldviews beyond the law. To advance this literature, this paper proposes a discourse‐centered field analysis of the legal globalization of anti‐corruption ideas in Brazil. It examines Brazilian lawyers' disputes over a 2016 anti‐corruption bill. The bill supporters mobilize global anti‐corruption discourses that are exogenous to the legal field to defend harsher criminal law. Their critics counter the reform by mobilizing endogenous legal ideas against criminal law expansion. In so doing, they do not challenge reformers' ideas about corruption. I show how this discursive mismatch leads to a form of globalization by stealth, whereby local dynamics allow global ideas to remain unchallenged in local fields.

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Section: The Fight Against Corruption and The Brazilian Criminal Law ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Fight Against Corruption and The Brazilian Criminal Law ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discursive mismatch and globalization by stealth: The fight against corruption in the Brazilian legal field

Cornelius

2023

Law Soc Rev

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“…Fighting bribery/extortion schemes through cruelty and fear, when necessary : corruption is often considered as a “necessary evil” of capitalistic societies (Kajsiu, 2013, p. 1012). Machiavelli asserted that wise leaders want to be liked and feared by people.…”

Section: Axis Of Power: Morally Ambiguous Leaders As “Occasionally Cruel” Saviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bribery, extortion and “morally ambiguous” leadership in organizations

Dion

2020

JFC

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how four styles of “morally ambiguous” leadership could have a philosophical basis, while relatively contributing to efficiently prevent bribery and extortion in the organizational life. Design/methodology/approach The paper identifies four styles of morally ambiguous leadership in taking philosophically based representations of “sociopolitical saviors” into account: “occasionally cruel saviors” (Niccolò Machiavelli); “occasionally compassionate saviors” (Adam Smith),; “socially conformist and compassionate” saviors (David Hume); and “revolutionary and implicitly compassionate” saviors (Hannah Arendt). Morally ambiguous leaders choose paradoxical ways to assume their moral responsibility. They use paradoxical strategies to prevent bribery and extortion in the organizational life. Findings The philosophical basis of those styles of morally ambiguous leadership unveils two basic antagonisms: the antagonism between cruelty and compassion; and the antagonism between social conformism and revolutionary spirit. The axis of power (Machiavelli) does not allow any connection between both antagonisms. The axis of self-interest (Smith) shows an intermediary positioning in both antagonisms (relatively compassionate, implicitly revolutionary). The axis of social conformism/compassion (Hume) and the axis of revolutionary spirit/compassion (Arendt) make leaders deepen their paradoxical positionings about moral issues. Research limitations/implications The four styles of morally ambiguous leadership have not been empirically assessed. Moreover, the analysis of Eastern and Western philosophies could allow decision-makers to identity other philosophically based and morally ambiguous positionings about moral issues. Other philosophies could also unveil further kinds of antagonisms that could be applied to prevention strategies against bribery and extortion schemes. Originality/value The paper presents a philosophically based analysis of morally ambiguous leadership and its potential impact on prevention strategies against bribery and extortion schemes.

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“…However, historical, sociological, political, cultural and even religious explanations cannot morally justify any form of corruption. Kajsiu (2013Kajsiu ( , pp. 1009Kajsiu ( -1012 described how there was confusion about the notion of corruption in Albania, from 1991 to 1997: corruption was identified to speculation, bribery and smuggling.…”

Section: The Various Dimensions Of Corruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Philosophical connections between the classical and the modern notion of corruption

Dion

2017

JFC

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to circumscribe the various philosophical connections between the classical and the modern notion of corruption from Enlightenment to post-modernity. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzed to what extent the classical notion of corruption (Plato, Aristotle and Cicero) still influenced the way philosophers perceived the phenomenon of corruption during the Enlightenment (1625-1832), the transition period (1833-1900) and the post-modernity (1901 onward). Taking those historical periods as reference points, the author will see how literature about historical, social and political conditioning factors of corruption could convey the presence/absence of the classical or the modern notion of corruption. Findings The paper finds that the classical notion of corruption implies the degeneration of human relationships (Plato and Hegel), the degeneration of the body-and-mind unity (Aristotle, Pascal and Thomas Mann) or the degeneration of collective morality (Cicero, Locke, Rousseau, Hume and Kant). The modern notion of corruption as bribery was mainly introduced by Adam Smith. Nietzsche (and Musil) looked at corruption as degeneration of the will-to-power. The classical notion of corruption put the emphasis on the effects rather than on the cause itself (effects-based thinking). The modern notion of corruption as bribery insists on the cause rather than on the effects (cause-based thinking). Research limitations/implications In this paper, the author has taken into account the main representatives of the three historical periods. Future research could also analyze the works of other philosophers and novelists to see to what extent their philosophical and literary works are unveiling the classical or the modern notion of corruption. Originality/value The paper presents a philosophical and historical perspective about corruption. It sheds light on the way philosophers (and sometimes novelists) deal with the issue of corruption, whether it is from an effects-based or from a cause-based perspective.

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The birth of corruption and the politics of anti-corruption in Albania, 1991–2005

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Discursive mismatch and globalization by stealth: The fight against corruption in the Brazilian legal field

Discursive mismatch and globalization by stealth: The fight against corruption in the Brazilian legal field

Bribery, extortion and “morally ambiguous” leadership in organizations

Philosophical connections between the classical and the modern notion of corruption

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