2008
DOI: 10.1080/00076790802106299
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The birth of brand: 4000 years of branding

Abstract: This article seeks to show that brands and branding are as old as known civilisation. We derive evidence of branding, in various forms, from historical periods beginning 2250 BC in the Indus Valley, through to 300 BC in Greece. This evidence is compared with modern research directed toward developing a meaning of 'brand'. We observe a gradual transition from a more utilitarian provision of information regarding origin and quality to the addition of more complex brand image characteristics over time, including … Show more

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Cited by 137 publications
(100 citation statements)
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“…Para ayudar a estas operaciones transaccionales, los símbolos como forma de escribir eran utilizados con el objetivo de mantener un registro que iba ligado con las transacciones, y que decía cuanto estaba siendo transado (Moore, & Reid, 2008). Es decir, que desde que las personas empezaron a hacer uso de las mercancías para intercambiar o vender ha habido marcas comerciales, carteles, símbolos y vendedores ambulantes, e incluso mucho antes, desde que las personas empezaron a marcar a los animales para denotar propiedad.…”
Section: Antecedentesunclassified
“…Para ayudar a estas operaciones transaccionales, los símbolos como forma de escribir eran utilizados con el objetivo de mantener un registro que iba ligado con las transacciones, y que decía cuanto estaba siendo transado (Moore, & Reid, 2008). Es decir, que desde que las personas empezaron a hacer uso de las mercancías para intercambiar o vender ha habido marcas comerciales, carteles, símbolos y vendedores ambulantes, e incluso mucho antes, desde que las personas empezaron a marcar a los animales para denotar propiedad.…”
Section: Antecedentesunclassified
“…As marcas não têm uma origem bem definida, entretanto, é certo que existem desde tempos antigos (MOORE;REID, 2008), em que os comerciantes diferenciavam seus produtos através dos formatos ou com assinaturas, como em peças de olaria, tijolos e cerâmica, uma forma utilizada para garantir a procedência da mercadoria. Essa estratégia servia para que os consumidores avaliassem as marcas mais reconhecidas e seguras para eventuais trocas comerciais (AAKER;JOACHIMSTHALER, 2007).…”
Section: Relacionamento Com a Marcaunclassified
“…Others describe 'brands' as images in consumer's minds with functional and psychological attributes (Martineau, 1959). Examples of current metaphors used in marketing include 'brand reputation' which compares "a person's character -the condition, quality or fact of being highly regarded or esteemed -with that of the brand" (Stern, 2006: 220); 'brand personality', the most recent addition to the characteristics of brands (Moore and Reid, 2008), which compares brands and people in terms of their unique traits; 'brand identity' which makes a similar comparison on the basis of the central enduring and distinctive traits common to both (Brown, Dacin, Pratt and Whetten, 2006) and 'brand image', which is one of the central constructs in marketing and consumer behavior research, dating from 1950' and which has been used widely and with various applications.…”
Section: Brand -Origins and Development Of The Conceptmentioning
confidence: 99%