The Biotics Family: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives in Metabolic Diseases

Abstract

Globally, metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pose a major public health threat. Many studies have confirmed the causal relationship between risk factors and the etiopathogenesis of these diseases. Despite this, traditional therapeutic management methods such as physical education and diet have proven insufficient. Recently, researchers have focused on other potential pathways for explaining the pathophysiological variability of metabolic diseases, such as the involvement of the intestinal microbiota. An understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and metabolic diseases is a first step towards developing future therapeutic strategies. Currently, much attention is given to the use of biotics family members such as prebiotics (lactolose, soy oligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides or inulin) and probiotics (genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Streptococcus or Enterococcus). They can be used both separately and together as synbiotics. Due to their direct influence on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, they have shown favorable results in the evolution of metabolic diseases. The expansion of the research area in the biotics family has led to the discovery of new members, like postbiotics. In the age of personalized medicine, their use as therapeutic options is of great interest to our study.

Next-Generation Probiotics as Novel Therapeutics for Improving Human Health: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

“…Another study found that LGG supplementation in obese individuals with NAFLD resulted in a significant reduction in liver fat and an improvement in liver function in mice [ 109 ]. Another promising NGP in the treatment of metabolic disease is B. lactis which has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce hemoglobin A1c levels, reduce body weight, and improve lipid metabolism [ 110 ]. The use of B. animalis subsp.…”

Gastro-Intestinal Microbiota in Equines and Its Role in Health and Disease: The Black Box Opens

“…Improving horse health through modulation of the microbiome appears as a promising open avenue but also a strategy that is part of a comprehensive, holistic approach to ensure high sportive performance, good digestion and colon fermentation, and ultimately wellbeing. In this context, pre-and probiotics, but also to the use of new microbial-derived products such as non-viable bacteria or yeast or bacterial/fungal compounds that are defined as postbiotics [136,137] are interesting microbiome-focused strategies and are used for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases, or even of more systemic syndrome (Figure 6). Multidisciplinary approaches will for sure be required to learn about how thosebiotics may influence and interact with the horse.…”