The Biotechnology of Quorn Mycoprotein: Past, Present and Future Challenges

Whittaker, J. A.; Johnson, Rob; Finnigan, Tim; Avery, Simon V.; Dyer, Paul S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29541-7_3

Cited by 59 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with this finding, the isolates of F. venenatum analyzed here all produced DAS, but some also made CAL, 3OH, and BUT in agmatine broth and on rice. The Quorn production strain NRRL 26139 (= IMI 145425 = ATCC 20334 = A 3/5; [88]), however, failed to produce DAS and any other toxin in agmatine and rice cultures [McCormick,unpubl,14,55]. Given that a comparative genomic analysis, which included the Quorn production strain ATCC 20334 revealed it possesses the genes required for type A trichothecene biosynthesis [89], the open question is: Why aren't they produced in agmatine medium?…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agmatine is a strong inducer of TRI5, the gene that encodes the first enzymatic step in the trichothecene biosynthesis pathway [73]. When the Quorn production strain A3/5 (= ATCC 20334) was originally isolated in 1968 [88] it was identified as F. graminearum [90]; however, this species was not formally recognized as F. venenatum until 1995 [91]. The present study failed to recover additional strains of F. musarum [92], the earliest diverging lineage within the Sambucinum Clade.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic diversity, trichothecene potential, and pathogenicity within Fusarium sambucinum species complex

et al. 2021

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The Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC) is one of the most taxonomically challenging groups of fusaria, comprising prominent mycotoxigenic plant pathogens and other species with various lifestyles. Among toxins produced by members of the FSAMSC, trichothecenes pose the most significant threat to public health. Herein a global collection of 171 strains, originating from diverse hosts or substrates, were selected to represent FSAMSC diversity. This strain collection was used to assess their species diversity, evaluate their potential to produce trichothecenes, and cause disease on wheat. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a combined 3-gene dataset used to infer evolutionary relationships revealed that the 171 strains originally received as 48 species represent 74 genealogically exclusive phylogenetically distinct species distributed among six strongly supported clades: Brachygibbosum, Graminearum, Longipes, Novel, Sambucinum, and Sporotrichioides. Most of the strains produced trichothecenes in vitro but varied in type, indicating that the six clades correspond to type A, type B, or both types of trichothecene-producing lineages. Furthermore, five strains representing two putative novel species within the Sambucinum Clade produced two newly discovered type A trichothecenes, 15-keto NX-2 and 15-keto NX-3. Strains of the two putatively novel species together with members of the Graminearum Clade were aggressive toward wheat when tested for pathogenicity on heads of the susceptible cultivar Apogee. In planta, the Graminearum Clade strains produced nivalenol or deoxynivalenol and the aggressive Sambucinum Clade strains synthesized NX-3 and 15-keto NX-3. Other strains within the Brachygibbosum, Longipes, Novel, Sambucinum, and Sporotrichioides Clades were nonpathogenic or could infect the inoculated floret without spreading within the head. Moreover, most of these strains did not produce any toxin in the inoculated spikelets. These data highlight aggressiveness toward wheat appears to be influenced by the type of toxin produced and that it is not limited to members of the Graminearum Clade.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic diversity, trichothecene potential, and pathogenicity within Fusarium sambucinum species complex

et al. 2021

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“…A practical alternative SCP production route that bypasses the need for electrochemical reduction or specialized microorganisms (i.e., those that can utilize hydrogen/formate/methanol) is growing heterotrophic microbes on sugars derived from agriculture. For example, Quorn manufactures food products in this way by cultivating the fungus Fusarium venenatum on wheat-derived glucose (33). Here, we used sugar beet-fed SCP production as a reference to compare PV-SCP yields against agricultural-based SCP production.…”

Section: Food Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaic-driven microbial protein production can use land and sunlight more efficiently than conventional crops

Leger

Matassa

Noor

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Population growth and changes in dietary patterns place an ever-growing pressure on the environment. Feeding the world within sustainable boundaries therefore requires revolutionizing the way we harness natural resources. Microbial biomass can be cultivated to yield protein-rich feed and food supplements, collectively termed single-cell protein (SCP). Yet, we still lack a quantitative comparison between traditional agriculture and photovoltaic-driven SCP systems in terms of land use and energetic efficiency. Here, we analyze the energetic efficiency of harnessing solar energy to produce SCP from air and water. Our model includes photovoltaic electricity generation, direct air capture of carbon dioxide, electrosynthesis of an electron donor and/or carbon source for microbial growth (hydrogen, formate, or methanol), microbial cultivation, and the processing of biomass and proteins. We show that, per unit of land, SCP production can reach an over 10-fold higher protein yield and at least twice the caloric yield compared with any staple crop. Altogether, this quantitative analysis offers an assessment of the future potential of photovoltaic-driven microbial foods to supplement conventional agricultural production and support resource-efficient protein supply on a global scale.

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“…Fungal plant-pathogens destroy up to 30% of crop products, enough food annually to feed 600 million people, while mycotoxin-producing and food-spoiling fungi further reduce the availability of safe, fresh foods (Medina et al, 2017;Fisher et al, 2018;Maciej et al, 2019). On the other hand, the global market for edible fungi (e.g., mushrooms, mycoprotein) is worth around €38B and continues to rise (Willis, 2018;Whittaker et al, 2019). Therefore, different fungi may contribute both to food insecurity and food security ( Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%